<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921</id><updated>2011-08-27T04:19:15.103-07:00</updated><category term='Joe Pitts'/><category term='HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH'/><category term='The Moor Next Door'/><category term='Mr Mhamed Khadad'/><category term='IGNACIO CEMBRERO'/><category term='Diaspora Sahraoui'/><category term='Dr Sidi M. 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L. Madasa'/><category term='Blayne Slabbert'/><category term='Colin Murphy'/><category term='Jornal Digital'/><category term='Dr. Pedro Pinto Leite'/><category term='Nick Brooks'/><category term='Former Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs and the Legal Counsel of the United Nations'/><category term='UN News'/><category term='Carlos Ruiz Miguel Professor of Constitutional Law University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain)'/><title type='text'>Artigos de Opinião</title><subtitle type='html'>The Western Sahara Online wants to keep you updated about the Western Sahara latest news. O Sahara Ocidental Online tem como objectivo levar até si as notícias mais recentes sobre o Sahara Ocidental.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>182</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-8667078271619832812</id><published>2010-09-10T06:53:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-10T07:14:55.190-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='http://blogs.periodistadigital.com/desdeelatlantico.php'/><title type='text'>¿Qué relación tiene Marruecos con el terrorismo en el Sahel?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/TIo9T3xbLII/AAAAAAAADEE/d2OtMzuhK3E/s1600/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/TIo9T3xbLII/AAAAAAAADEE/d2OtMzuhK3E/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5515288105266654338" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El ministro Moratinos ha hecho una declaración gravísima y que exige una explicación. Esa declaración suscita muchos interrogantes sobre el terrorismo en el Sahel y la llamada "Aqmi". La ha hecho tras una importante entrevista con su homólogo francés en Madrid. Un encuentro, insisto que muy importante, donde Francia y España quieren impulsar una política de apoyo a la pretensión marroquí de anexionarse el Sahara Occidental.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I. UN ENCUENTRO IMPORTANTÍSIMO AL QUE EN ESPAÑA SE HA QUERIDO DAR POCA PUBLICIDAD.&lt;br /&gt;La entrevista de Moratinos y Kouchner, en Madrid, el día 3 de septiembre debe ser cuidadosamente analizada. Existen varios indicios que dan que pensar que este encuentro es importante, muy importante.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sendos despachos oficiales muy escuetos... e incompletos.&lt;br /&gt;Tanto el despacho emitido por el Ministerio de exteriores francés, como el emitido por el Ministerio español, omiten un asunto tratado en la conversación: el Sahara Occidental.&lt;br /&gt;Aún más extraño es que "El País" no haya informado sobre este encuentro. Tampoco lo hizo "La Razón", ni el "ABC".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;II. UN ENCUENTRO EN EL QUE SE TRATÓ SOBRE EL SAHARA EN UN MOMENTO DELICADO...&lt;br /&gt;Sin embargo, gracias al despacho de la agencia EFE (recogido por El Mundo) sabemos que se trató del Sahara Occidental. De hecho, ESE FUE EL ASUNTO PRINCIPAL.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Según el ministro Moratinos:&lt;br /&gt;- ambos países mantienen una visión similar sobre el conflicto del Sahara Occidental&lt;br /&gt;- ambos han defendido la vía diplomática como "única solución", una negociación bajo mandato de Naciones Unidas y la libre autodeterminación del pueblo saharaui.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ahora bien, hay que recordar que Moratinos, en una comparecencia en el Congreso de los Diputados, el día 17 de marzo de 2009 (de la que me hice eco en este blog en un artículo titulado "Moratinos viola el Derecho Internacional"), en una sesión verdaderamente grave, defendió que:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    el referéndum no está incluido en la resolución del Consejo de Seguridad. Puede ser, las partes lo pueden decidir; no decimos que no (página 23 del Diario de Sesiones)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Primeras interrogantes:&lt;br /&gt;- ¿Por qué los despachos oficiales francés y español OMITEN que se trató del Sahara Occidental?&lt;br /&gt;- ¿Por qué un periódico tan cercano al Gobierno español... y al francés... cual es "El País" OMITIÓ totalmente la noticia de este encuentro?&lt;br /&gt;- ¿cuál es esa "única" solución?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III. ... Y EN EL QUE SE HIZO UNA GRAVÍSIMA AFIRMACIÓN SOBRE EL TERRORISMO EN EL SAHEL&lt;br /&gt;En este blog he venido defendiendo, repetidamente, que la llamada "Al Qaida del magreb islámico", que de "Al qaida" sólo tiene el nombre, es una organización sobre la que se han formulado sospechas acerca de su instrumentalización por el servicio secreto marroquí.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por contra, el servicio secreto marroquí y ciertos personajes del lobby pro-marroquí intentan transmitir la idea de que el Frente Polisario tiene conexiones con "Aqmi" aunque no exista ni una sola prueba de ello. Por cierto, esos mismos individuos que sustentan su tesis en la nunca probada intervención de saharauis en las filas de "Aqmi", no extraen la que debiera ser consecuencia lógica de su "argumento" cuando se descubre que en "Aqmi" hay, y esto sí es una realidad probada, numerosos marroquíes enrolados en la organización. Como dije en un análisis publicado el 2 de junio de este año:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Es previsible que Marruecos trate de recuperar la iniciativa utilizando la carta terrorista. Dado que el Frente Polisario no está implicado en actividades terroristas, es previsible que haya círculos cercanos a Marruecos, o del propio poder marroquí, que fabriquen amenazas terroristas con el objetivo de imputar la responsabilidad al Frente Polisario. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Este es el contexto en el que Moratinos ha dicho una GRAVÍSIMA AFIRMACIÓN, recogida por la agencia EFE, tras comentar que, como se recogió en los despachos oficiales, se trató sobre la seguridad en el Sahel:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    "si se resuelve el Sahara también se resuelve el Sahel".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Y aquí surgen nuevos y más graves interrogantes:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Dado que el "Sahel" es la región SUR del desierto del Sahara (que incluye territorios de Mauritania, Argelia, Malí, Níger y Chad) lindante con la sabana y que ni Marruecos ni el Sahara Occidental forman parte del Sahel, ¿por qué hay una conexión entre ambos?&lt;br /&gt;- ¿insinúa el ministro Moratinos que la inseguridad en el Sahel la provoca el Frente Polisario, aunque ningún miembro del Frente Polisario se haya visto involucrado en las actividades que provocan inseguridad en el Sahel?&lt;br /&gt;- ¿insinúa el ministro Moratinos que esa inseguridad en el Sahel la provoca Argelia, el principal apoyo del Frente Polisario, a pesar de ser el país que más sufre las consecuencias de la actividad de la llamada "Aqmi"?&lt;br /&gt;- ¿insinúa, por contra, que la inseguridad en el Sahel la provoca Marruecos (sólo o en compañía de otro u otros) para chantajear en favor de una solución al conflicto del Sahara favorable a sus intereses?&lt;br /&gt;- ¿ha tenido algo que ver Marruecos con el secuestro de los cooperantes españoles... producido en plena crisis por el "caso Haidar" y concluido tras la crisis fronteriza hispano-marroquí en Melilla?&lt;br /&gt;- ¿por qué Rubalcaba en su visita a Mohamed VI agradeció al servicio secreto marroquí su "ayuda" para la liberación de los cooperantes [http://www.rim24.info/suite-info.php?var=888]?&lt;br /&gt;- ¿por qué este agradecimiento no fue recogido por ningún medio de comunicación en España?&lt;br /&gt;- Insisto, ¿por qué razón "si se resuelve el (conflicto del) Sahara también se resuelve el (problema de inseguridad en el) Sahel"?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-8667078271619832812?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/8667078271619832812/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=8667078271619832812' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8667078271619832812'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8667078271619832812'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2010/09/que-relacion-tiene-marruecos-con-el.html' title='¿Qué relación tiene Marruecos con el terrorismo en el Sahel?'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/TIo9T3xbLII/AAAAAAAADEE/d2OtMzuhK3E/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-259126741292976664</id><published>2010-09-10T06:44:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-10T06:52:33.791-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='http://blogs.periodistadigital.com/desdeelatlantico.php'/><title type='text'>El verdadero rostro del poder marroquí</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/TIo3nFh_XbI/AAAAAAAADD8/NQDYwEXF_Fc/s1600/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/TIo3nFh_XbI/AAAAAAAADD8/NQDYwEXF_Fc/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5515281838307761586" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La reciente crisis hispano-marroquí se ha originado porque el gobierno marroquí, OFICIALMENTE, calumnia a las fuerzas de seguridad españolas acusándolas de "racistas" y de abandonar emigrantes, entre otras lindezas. Después de la brutal agresión contra ciudadanos españoles en El Aaiún (Sahara Occidental ocupado), el gobierno español se descuelga dando la razón a la policía marroquí frente al testimonio de los ciudadanos españoles. ¿Cuál es el verdadero rostro marroquí?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I. EL MAJZÉN INICIA UNA CAMPAÑA DE CALUMNIAS E INSULTOS CONTRA ESPAÑA... CON LA AQUIESCENCIA DEL GOBIERNO ESPAÑOL&lt;br /&gt;El día 22 de junio, en este blog, se advertía de que Marruecos preparaba una campaña de odio contra España.&lt;br /&gt;Esa campaña se desencadena en julio. Marruecos instiga a unos agentes con apariencia de civiles, para humillar y desobedecer las órdenes de agentes femeninos de policía en la frontera de España con Marruecos, en Melilla.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Siguió luego una diarrea de comunicados oficiales marroquíes que:&lt;br /&gt;- injuriaban a las fuerzas de seguridad españolas llegando a llamarlas "racistas" y las acusaban de abandonar emigrantes (pese a que fue Marruecos quien asesinó a negros africanos en la frontera hispano-marroquí con balazos por la espalda y fue Marruecos quien abandonó en el desierto a negros africanos);&lt;br /&gt;- injuriaban a la Nación española calificando parte de nuestro territorio como "ocupado" (pese a que Ceuta y Melilla forman parte del territorio español según la legalidad constitucional e internacional).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aquella crisis fue patéticamente negada por el Gobierno y el PSOE.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;II. LA MONARQUÍA MARROQUÍ PASA DEL INSULTO A LA AGRESIÓN ... CON LA AQUIESCENCIA DEL GOBIERNO ESPAÑOL&lt;br /&gt;En este contexto, en el que el Gobierno español no quiso rechazar los insultos del gobierno marroquí a las fuerzas de seguridad españolas, el majzén sube un peldaño en la tensión.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El día 23 de agosto, de madrugada, la policía marroquí agredió a dos mujeres españolas y un joven mexicano que se hallaban en el Sahara Occidental acompañando a defensores saharauis de los derechos humanos.&lt;br /&gt;El ministro Rubalcaba viajó ese día a Marruecos, se entrevistó con su homólogo y con el rey. Allí, el Gobierno implícitamente dejó "vendidos" a los ciudadanos españoles pues no sólo no salió en su defensa, sino que firmó un comunicado conjunto que decía que ambos países "comparten su adhesión a los valores de la democracia, la libertad y la tolerancia".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Luego, el 28 de agosto, la policía marroquí volvió a agredir a ciudadanos españoles, disfrazando a los policías como civiles. Una táctica ya conocida que utilizó Indonesia en su brutal ocupación de Timor Oriental. El PSOE primero y el Gobierno después, esta vez explícitamente, dejaron abandonados a los ciudadanos españoles dando más crédito a la policía marroquí que a los ciudadanos españoles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III. CÓMO SON LAS "INTERPELACIONES" DE LA POLICÍA MARROQUÍ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La red de derechos de los emigrantes "Migrant's rights network" acaba de publicar que, al día siguiente de la brutal agresión contra los ciudadanos españoles en El Aaiún ocupado, la policía marroquí se "desahogó" con sus métodos habituales contra emigrantes negros en el norte del país, cerca de la frontera con Argelia.&lt;br /&gt;Traduzco:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    El domingo 29 de agosto, las fuerzas de seguridad marroquíes llevaron a cabo un duro ataque contra más de cien refugiados en Uxda. Destrozaron o quemaron sus cabañas en el bosque y todas sus pertenencias. Más de cien refugiados -entre los que había mujeres con niños pequeños y personas heridas- fueron recluídos en minúsculas celdas durante el día; la policía tomó sus huellas digitales y les fotografió a todos ellos.&lt;br /&gt;    Después fueron llevados a una zona desértica en la frontera de Argelia y Marruecos. Los refugiados que consiguieron volver a Uxda informaron que el ataque fue extraordinariamente violento.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Naturalmente, el majzén no ve las cosas así.&lt;br /&gt;El diario que es portavoz oficioso del ministro de Exteriores marroquí y que lidera la campaña de odio anti-español en Marruecos describe así el asunto:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Uxda: interpelación de 109 subsaharauianos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Ciento nuevo subsaharianos, candidatos a la emigración clandestina han sido detenidos, el domingo, en la ciudad de Uxda y sus alrededores, según se ha sabido el lunes de fuentes próximas a las autoridades locales.&lt;br /&gt;    Estas personas han sido detenidas en el curso de una vasta operación de rastreo llevada a cabo conjuntamente por elementos de la Gendarmería real, la seguridad nacional, las fuerzas auxiliares y las autoridades locales de Uxda.&lt;br /&gt;    De diferentes nacionalidades, han entado clandestinamente en Marruecos y han encontrado refugio especialmente en las zonas boscosas y periféricas y en los alrededores del campus universitario de la ciudad de Uxda.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El concepto de "interpelación" parece ser diferente en Marruecos que en el resto del mundo.&lt;br /&gt;En efecto,&lt;br /&gt;- no sólo ocurre que el majzén denomina "interpelación" a lo que Migrant's rights network califica como "ataque extraordinariamente violento", ....&lt;br /&gt;- es que el majzén ¡¡¡también ha calificado como "interpelación" la brutal agresión contra ciudadanos españoles!!!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Desconozco la nacionalidad de los emigrantes negros.&lt;br /&gt;Desconozco si en sus países va a haber una polémica por esta bárbara agresión.&lt;br /&gt;Pero de lo que estoy seguro es de que ningún gobierno africano publicará una nota como la firmada por Juan Pablo de la Iglesia diciendo:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Por su parte, las autoridades marroquíes, han respondido que los refugiados participaron en una manifestación ilegal y no&lt;br /&gt;    autorizada durante la cual se produjeron enfrentamientos entre los&lt;br /&gt;    manifestantes y ciudadanos marroquíes y que las agresiones a&lt;br /&gt;    algunos de los refugiados se produjeron como consecuencia&lt;br /&gt;    de estos altercados. Han precisado que la intervención de la&lt;br /&gt;    policía marroquí tuvo como principal objetivo poner fin a estos&lt;br /&gt;    enfrentamientos.&lt;br /&gt;    El gobierno de Ghana, comprometido con la defensa de los derechos&lt;br /&gt;    de sus ciudadanos en el extranjero, reitera la necesidad de respetar&lt;br /&gt;    la legislación vigente, y confía que estos incidentes no vuelvan a&lt;br /&gt;    producirse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[Me he permitido susituir algunas expresiones:&lt;br /&gt;- "manifestantes" y "activistas" españoles por "refugiados"&lt;br /&gt;- "gobierno español" por "gobierno de Ghana".]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A este extremo ha llevado la política exterior española el ministro Moratinos y el gobierno de Rodríguez Zapatero.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-259126741292976664?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/259126741292976664/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=259126741292976664' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/259126741292976664'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/259126741292976664'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2010/09/el-verdadero-rostro-del-poder-marroqui.html' title='El verdadero rostro del poder marroquí'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/TIo3nFh_XbI/AAAAAAAADD8/NQDYwEXF_Fc/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-5189220419038074007</id><published>2009-11-28T15:37:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-28T15:41:14.554-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desde el Atlántico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><title type='text'>Moratinos tiende una trampa a Aminatu Haidar</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SxG1DsBOetI/AAAAAAAADDM/RA8QUIMQXqg/s1600/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SxG1DsBOetI/AAAAAAAADDM/RA8QUIMQXqg/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409303702409214674" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aminatu Haidar sólo pide que se respete su derecho, violado por España y Marruecos. La "solución" del ministro Moratinos no es respetar su derecho, sino concederle un privilegio, "una excepción". Las circunstancias en las que se hace esta oferta dan la verdadera dimensión de lo insidioso que es Moratinos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I. LA NACIONALIDAD ESPAÑOLA DE LOS SAHARAUIS ANTES DE 1976.&lt;br /&gt;He tenido ocasión de publicar en 1999 dos artículos en los que he argumentado que el Real Decreto 2258/1976, de 10 de agosto de 1976 que daba a los saharauis un plazo de un año para optar por la nacionalidad española era contrario a la ley española. Por eso, he argumentado que a todos los saharauis que tenían la nacionalidad española antes de esa fecha se les debe reconocer la nacionalidad española de origen, sin excepción, mientras no suceda alguna de estas hipótesis:&lt;br /&gt;- que España reconozca a la RASD y, por tanto, la nacionalidad que esta república pueda atribuir a los habitantes de la antigua colonia española; o&lt;br /&gt;- que se haya concluido el proceso de descolonización y los saharais hayan votado en referéndum su anexión a Marruecos, dejando en ese momento el Sahara Occidental de ser un territorio no autónomo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Descarto, de entrada, la tercera hipótesis, a saber, que España considere que la descolonización ya ha concluido con la anexión del Sahara Occidental por Marruecos. Y la descarto porque el Gobierno de España, en carta dirigida a las Naciones Unidas el 26 de febrero de 1976, manifestó oficialmente que:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    La descolonización del Sahara occidental culminará cuando la opinión de la población saharaui se haya expresado válidamente&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;II. EL ORIGEN DEL CASO HAIDAR&lt;br /&gt;El origen del caso Haidar es la expulsión arbitraria de Haidar de su país, el Sahara Occidental, por las autoridades de ocupación marroquíes. Después de ser expulsada del Sahara Occidental por Marruecos, España la impide embarcar rumbo al Sahara Occidental.&lt;br /&gt;Esto es una violación, por Marruecos y España, del derecho que el Pacto Internacional de los Derechos Civiles y Políticos, que ambos Estados han ratificado, que reconoce a Aminatu Haidar para entrar y salir libremente de su país, el territorio no autónomo del Sahara Occidental.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Artículo 12&lt;br /&gt;    1. Toda persona que se halle legalmente en el territorio de un Estado tendrá derecho a circular libremente por él y a escoger libremente en él su residencia.&lt;br /&gt;    2. Toda persona tendrá derecho a salir libremente de cualquier país, incluso del propio.&lt;br /&gt;    3. Los derechos antes mencionados no podrán ser objeto de restricciones salvo cuando éstas se hallen previstas en la ley, sean necesarias para proteger la seguridad nacional, el orden público, la salud o la moral públicas o los derechos y libertades de terceros, y sean compatibles con los demás derechos reconocidos en el presente Pacto.&lt;br /&gt;    4. Nadie podrá ser arbitrariamente privado del derecho a entrar en su propio país.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III. LO QUE PIDE AMINATU HAIDAR&lt;br /&gt;Lo que pide Aminatu Haidar es, pura y simplemente, que España y Marruecos cumplan el Derecho Internacional. Que cumplan el tratado que libremente firmaron y ratificaron.&lt;br /&gt;¿Tan difícil es exigir que se cumpla un tratado?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IV. EL GOBIERNO DE RODRÍGUEZ ZAPATERO QUIERE EVITAR A TODA COSTA EL CUMPLIMIENTO DEL DERECHO&lt;br /&gt;La posición del ministro Moratinos en la crisis abierta por la violación de los derechos humanos de Aminatu Haidar es la de "arreglar" el asunto por cualquier vía diferente del reconocimiento a Aminatu Haidar de su derecho a entrar y salir libremente de su propio país.&lt;br /&gt;Para ello, le ha ofrecido diversas "soluciones". La última, la de reconocerle, como concesión graciosa hecha a título de "excepción" y por motivos "humanitarios" algo a lo que Haidar tiene derecho: la nacionalidad española.&lt;br /&gt;Con ello, Moratinos, aprovechándose de la gravedad del estado de Aminatu Haidar tras la prolongada huelga de hambre, consigue dos objetivos:&lt;br /&gt;- que Aminatu Haidar acepte que no tiene derecho a "entrar y salir libremente" de su propio país, el Sahara Occidental;&lt;br /&gt;- que Aminatu Haidar reconozca que los saharauis nacidos españoles no tienen derecho a la nacionalidad española, que pasa a ser una concesión excepcional.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Y todo esto por una razón muy simple.&lt;br /&gt;Porque el Gobierno español no quiere permitir a Aminatu Haidar salir, ahora mismo, en un avión rumbo al Sahara Occidental, como es su derecho.&lt;br /&gt;Porque el Gobierno español no quiere presionar a Marruecos para que respete el derecho de Aminatu Haidar a entrar libremente en el Sahara Occidental.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;V. LO QUE NOS HA DESCUBIERTO AMINATU HAIDAR&lt;br /&gt;Aminatu Haidar nos ha descubierto dos cosas importantes:&lt;br /&gt;- que exigir el cumplimiento de un derecho reconocido es algo que pone muy nervioso al ministro Moratinos&lt;br /&gt;- que Marruecos no respeta los acuerdos internacionales que suscribe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A partir de ahí, que cada uno extraiga sus propias consecuencias.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-5189220419038074007?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/5189220419038074007/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=5189220419038074007' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5189220419038074007'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5189220419038074007'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/11/moratinos-tiende-una-trampa-aminatu.html' title='Moratinos tiende una trampa a Aminatu Haidar'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SxG1DsBOetI/AAAAAAAADDM/RA8QUIMQXqg/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-5160409034017684885</id><published>2009-11-28T15:33:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-28T15:37:47.661-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desde el Atlántico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><title type='text'>Zapatero: entre De Juana y Aminatu Haidar</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SxG0QP-XwgI/AAAAAAAADDE/1i2JjG0nSdY/s1600/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SxG0QP-XwgI/AAAAAAAADDE/1i2JjG0nSdY/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409302818707718658" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rodríguez Zapatero, conocido por su astucia, no es más astuto que la razón. Y es que las mentiras del que presumía de pacifista y feminista han quedado crudamente de manifiesto por una mujer pacífica: Aminatu Haidar. El coro de Rodríguez Zapatero, bien intenta distraer a la opinión pública (Valenciano, López Aguilar), bien mira para otro lado (Pajín), bien se ensaña (Moratinos). Pero no se puede evitar lo inevitable: si Rodríguez no permite que Aminatu vuelva a su tierra y ésta muere, ésta se llevará consigo, sin pegar ni un grito ni un tiro al presidente que presumía de pacifista y feminista. Es la astucia de la razón&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hablaba Hegel de la "astucia de la razón": aunque algunos hombres intenten engañar a otros para torcer el curso de la historia, al final la razón, por vías inesperadas pone las cosas en su sitio.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rodríguez Zapatero ha hecho de la "paz" y del "feminismo" sus banderas. Muchos lo creyeron.&lt;br /&gt;Pero la astucia de la razón es así. Una mujer pacífica ha dejado en evidencia a Rodríguez.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I. ZAPATERO ES CÓMPLICE DE UNA VIOLACIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS COMETIDA POR MOHAMED VI&lt;br /&gt;Recordemos los hechos.&lt;br /&gt;1º. Aminatu Haidar es originaria del Sahara Occidental.&lt;br /&gt;2º. El Sahara Occidental es un territorio no autónomo, en su mayor parte ocupado por Marruecos y pendiente de descolonización.&lt;br /&gt;3º. El Sahara Occidental, nunca ha sido parte de Marruecos y la legalidad internacional obliga a que se mantenga un status jurídico diferente del de la potencia que lo administre o lo ocupe.&lt;br /&gt;4º. Aminatu Haidar quiso entrar en su tierra, el Sahara Occidental, tras recibir en los Estados Unidos un premio de reconomiento a su lucha pacífica por los derechos humanos en el Sahara Occidental ocupado.&lt;br /&gt;5º. Marruecos le impidió entrar en su tierra y le quitó el pasaporte de la potencia ocupante, Marruecos, que se le concedió para permitirla salir al extranjero.&lt;br /&gt;6º. Contra su voluntad fue embarcada en un avión con destino a España.&lt;br /&gt;7º. Contra su voluntad el gobierno español le impide ir a su tierra, el Sahara Occidental.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Y recordemos el Derecho.&lt;br /&gt;1º. España y Marruecos han ratificado el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos que reconoce, en su artículo 12 el derecho a entrar libremente en su propio país. Así, lo he dejado dicho en este blog y así lo han dicho después Human Rights Watch y Amnistía Internacional.&lt;br /&gt;2º. El Derecho Español, compatible con lo dispuesto en el Pacto Internacional antecitado, permite que un extranjero pueda salir de España aun sin su documentación, pues tal y como ha recordado Amnistía Internacional, así lo establece el artículo 19.3 del Reglamento de Extranjería.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;II. EL PSOE QUIERE "ECHAR EL MUERTO" A MARRUECOS, SIN CULPAR A MORATINOS Y A RODRÍGUEZ&lt;br /&gt;La situación es tan escandalosa que el PSOE ha tenido que recurrir al viejo truco del "poli bueno" y el "poli malo".&lt;br /&gt;Primero fue la secretaria de relaciones internacionales del PSOE, Elena Valenciano que dijo el día 20 de noviembre que Marruecos incumplía la legalidad internacional al expulsar y no admitir a Aminatu Haidar en el territorio ocupado del Sahara Occidental. Pero lo hizo de un modo calculadamente informal para restar trascendencia al caso Haidar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Valenciano podía haber optado por emitir un comunicado, pero eligió hacerlo con menos realce. Llamó a la agencia EFE y le hizo una declaración en la que pide a Marruecos que "acepte la vuelta" de Haidar a su casa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Elena Valenciano, siempre hábil e inteligente, pedía a Marruecos que cumpliera la ley, pero a sabiendas de lo que hay, prefirió no calificar el comportamiento del gobierno español.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menos prudente ha sido su compañero de partido, Juan Fernando López Aguilar, cabeza de lista del PSOE en las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo que un día después, como Valenciano, ha dicho que el comportamiento de Marruecos es una "injusticia". Sin embargo, ha ido más allá que ésta y también se ha atrevido a decir que el comportamiento del Gobierno español con Haidar ha sido "correcto".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Otros destacados miembros del PSOE, como la secretaria de organización, Leyre Pajín, no han dicho ni pío. Pajín viajaba a los campamentos de refugiados saharauis en Tinduf para apoyar la causa de la libertad del Sahara Occidental. Pajín es mujer y, me parece que siguiendo el guión debe ser también pacifista: ¿Es que no tiene nada que decir sobre Aminatu Haidar?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pero es difícil negar dos realidades:&lt;br /&gt;- Aminatu Haidar no quiso ir a España y el gobierno español la ha obligado a entrar aquí contra su voluntad y violando el ordenamiento jurídico.&lt;br /&gt;- Aminatu Haidar quiere irse de España al Sahara Occidental y el gobierno español se lo impide violando un tratado internacional.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ambos hechos, convierten a España en cómplice de Marruecos en la violación de los derechos de Aminatu Haidar. Luego no se puede condenar a Marruecos y no condenar la conducta del Gobierno Rodríguez y su ministro Moratinos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Es más, para que no haya dudas, el Ministerio que dirige Moratinos, el día 20 de noviembre emitió un comunicado, absolutamente intolerable en el que intenta volver a jugar a la ambigüedad.&lt;br /&gt;Y así, al mismo tiempo que decía que hay que respetar "el derecho a la libre determinación del pueblo del Sahara Occidental"&lt;br /&gt;dijo que:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    El Gobierno no tiene competencia sobre la decisión de terceros Estados de rechazar la entrada en su territorio&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dicho de otro modo: Moratinos en esa frase dice que el Sahara Occidental es territorio del Estado marroquí.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pero la ambigüedad se acabó. La huelga de hambre de Aminatu Haidar pone a cada uno en su sitio. No es tiempo de farsa, sino de tragedia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III. ZAPATERO, DÉBIL ANTE EL HOMBRE VIOLENTO (DE JUANA) E INFLEXIBLE ANTE LA MUJER PACÍFICA (HAIDAR)&lt;br /&gt;Hace poco más de tres años, en octubre de 2006, el sanguinario asesino José Ignacio De Juana Chaos, hizo una huelga de hambre. Zapatero cedió ante ETA.&lt;br /&gt;Ahora, en noviembre de 2009, una mujer pacífica, Aminatu Haidar, hace una huelga de hambre por la defensa de sus derechos humanos. Zapatero ni la ha llamado por teléfono. Zapatero cede ante Marruecos.&lt;br /&gt;La astucia de la razón.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;POST-DATA (27-XI-2009)&lt;br /&gt;La Plataforma de solidaridad con Aminetu Haidar ha creado un blog cuya lectura resulta indispensable para seguir la crisis actual:&lt;br /&gt;Todos con Aminetu.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-5160409034017684885?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/5160409034017684885/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=5160409034017684885' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5160409034017684885'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5160409034017684885'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/11/zapatero-entre-de-juana-y-aminatu.html' title='Zapatero: entre De Juana y Aminatu Haidar'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SxG0QP-XwgI/AAAAAAAADDE/1i2JjG0nSdY/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-6749953579503324066</id><published>2009-11-28T15:28:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-28T15:33:08.558-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desde el Atlántico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><title type='text'>Sahara-Caso de Haidar : Zapatero ejecuta la última voluntad del franquismo</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SxGzG7f3gMI/AAAAAAAADC8/HfbS_CzWn18/s1600/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SxGzG7f3gMI/AAAAAAAADC8/HfbS_CzWn18/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409301559080616130" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El último acto del franquismo, el 19 de noviembre de 1975 fue la aprobación de la llamada "ley de descolonización del Sahara" firmada por el jefe del Estado en funciones, "Juan Carlos de Borbón, Príncipe de España". Aquella ley, pretendió dar cobertura jurídica a la entrega del Sahara a Marruecos, pactada en secreto un 14 de noviembre de 1975. Por una ironía de la historia, un 14 de noviembre, pero de 2009, ha visto como el tándem Rodríguez Zapatero-Moratinos Cuyaubé, imita el desprecio a la legalidad que tuvo el último gobierno franquista para conseguir los mismos objetivos. El ministro Moratinos, con el beneplácito de Rodríguez da por buena la expulsión de Aminatu Haidar de su propio país, el territorio no autónomo del Sahara Occidental, y para complacer al ocupante marroquí la retiene en España.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I. EN UN 14 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 1975: MANIOBRA ILEGAL PARA ENTREGAR EL SAHARA A MARRUECOS&lt;br /&gt;El 14 de noviembre de 1975, en secreto, a espaldas de la opinión pública, el presidente del Gobierno Arias Navarro, siguiendo las instrucciones del jefe de Estado en funciones, Juan Carlos de Borbón, firmó el llamado "Acuerdo de Madrid" que establecía una "administración temporal" tripartita (España-Marruecos-Mauritania) en el Sahara Español hasta el 28 de febrero de 1976. Se trataba de intentar dar a Marruecos el status de "potencia administradora" del Sahara Occidental.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El último acto del franquismo, el 19 de noviembre de 1975 fue la aprobación de la llamada ley de "descolonización" del Sahara, firmada por el jefe del Estado en funciones, "Juan Carlos de Borbón, Príncipe de España". Aquella ley, defendida en las Cortes por una persona que aún sobrevive, Antonio Carro Martínez, pretendió dar cobertura jurídica a la entrega del Sahara a Marruecos que de modo sibilino se pretendió en el acuerdo de Madrid, firmado en secreto el 14 de noviembre.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La llamada ley de "descolonización" dice en su artículo único que:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    se autoriza al Gobierno para que realice los actos y adopte las medidas que sean precisas para llevar a cabo la descolonización del territorio no autónomo del Sahara, salvaguardando los intereses españoles&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De lo cual se deduce que el acuerdo de Madrid, firmado antes, se hizo sin autorización de las Cortes. Un motivo más por el cual no es válido en el Derecho interno.&lt;br /&gt;Pero el acuerdo tampoco es válido en el Derecho Internacional porque las Naciones Unidas no consideran a Marruecos como la "potencia administradora" del territorio. Antes bien, ha sido calificado como "potencia ocupante" del mismo (resolución 34/37 de la Asamblea General)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;II. Y EN OTRO 14 DE NOVIEMBRE: AVAL ILEGAL A LA OCUPACIÓN ILEGAL&lt;br /&gt;En otro 14 de noviembre, esta vez de 2009, una mujer saharaui, Aminatu Haidar, intenta volver a su patria, ocupada por Marruecos. Haidar había solicitado una documentación marroquí para poder salir a recoger varios reconocimientos internacionales a favor de su lucha pacífica por los derechos del pueblo saharaui. La potencia ocupante la priva del pasaporte a Haidar y la expulsa del Sahara Occidental en un avión de una compañía española destino a España. La compañía aérea embarca a la pasajera rumbo a España. Y una vez llegada a España, se le niega la posibilidad de embarcarse rumbo a su patria, el territorio no autónomo del Sahara Occidental. Ha empezado una huelga de hambre.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marruecos y España han ratificado un convenio, el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos, cuyos artículos 12 y 13 dicen:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Artículo 12&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    1. Toda persona que se halle legalmente en el territorio de un Estado tendrá derecho a circular libremente por él y a escoger libremente en él su residencia.&lt;br /&gt;    2. Toda persona tendrá derecho a salir libremente de cualquier país, incluso del propio.&lt;br /&gt;    3. Los derechos antes mencionados no podrán ser objeto de restricciones salvo cuando éstas se hallen previstas en la ley, sean necesarias para proteger la seguridad nacional, el orden público, la salud o la moral públicas o los derechos y libertades de terceros, y sean compatibles con los demás derechos reconocidos en el presente Pacto.&lt;br /&gt;    4. Nadie podrá ser arbitrariamente privado del derecho a entrar en su propio país.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Artículo 13&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    El extranjero que se halle legalmente en el territorio de un Estado Parte en el presente Pacto sólo podrá ser expulsado de él en cumplimiento de una decisión adoptada conforme a la ley; y, a menos que razones imperiosas de seguridad nacional se opongan a ello, se permitirá a tal extranjero exponer las razones que lo asistan en contra de su expulsión, así como someter su caso a revisión ante la autoridad competente o bien ante la persona o personas designadas especialmente por dicha autoridad competente, y hacerse representar con tal fin ante ellas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El Derecho Internacional dispone, por tanto que:&lt;br /&gt;1º. Aminatu Haidar tiene derecho a salir de cualquier país, incluido España.&lt;br /&gt;2º. Aminatu Haidar es originaria del territorio no autónomo del Sahara Occidental ocupado por Marruecos&lt;br /&gt;3º. Siendo el Sahara Occidental un territorio no autónomo, pendiente de descolonización, no forma parte del territorio de Marruecos.&lt;br /&gt;4º. Aminatu Haidar está siendo privada del derecho a entrar en su país, el territorio no autónomo del Sahara Occidental.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La conclusión evidente es que el gobierno español, al haber acogido a una mujer expulsada por Marruecos del territorio ocupado del Sahara Occidental y al impedirla entrar en el mismo, que es su propio país, está haciéndose cómplice de una violación de un derecho humano básico. Está haciéndose cómplice de la afirmación marroquí de que el Sahara Occidental forma parte de Marruecos y de que por ello puede expulsar de allí a quien no tiene o renuncia a la nacionalidad marroquí.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No resulta sorprendente, en consecuencia, que la Directora General de Coordinación Jurídica del Gobierno española haya dicho, dos días después de la expulsión de Aminatu Haidar de su propio país, que Marruecos y España son “dos países que comparten la misma cultura de los derechos humanos”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sí resulta algo más sorprendente, sin embargo, que la oposición no haya dicho nada. Sería hermoso ver al diputado Gustavo de Arístegui, con tan buenos contactos en Marruecos, intervenir en favor de Aminatu Haidar criticando la violación de los derechos humanos que el ministro Moratinos, con el aval del presidente Rodríguez, están consumando en complicidad con Marruecos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III. SE ACABÓ LA AMBIGÜEDAD&lt;br /&gt;Ha llegado el momento decisivo.&lt;br /&gt;No sabemos lo que va a hacer Aminatu Haidar.&lt;br /&gt;Quizá continúe su huelga de hambre.&lt;br /&gt;Quizá en lugar de una denuncia que la policía puede archivar sin necesidad de comunicárselo, presente una querella contra la compañía aérea y las autoridades españolas.&lt;br /&gt;Quizá solicite asilo político en España.&lt;br /&gt;Quizá solicite a Suecia, país que preside la Unión Europea que intervenga, pues la violación de los derechos humanos supone una la infracción del compromiso de respetar los derechos humanos que ha asumido por Marruecos en el Acuerdo de Asociación que le vincula a la Comunidad Europea.&lt;br /&gt;Quizá solicite a Naciones Unidas un documento de viaje para ir a su país, el territorio no autónomo del Sahara Occidental, en cuyo caso habría que ver si Marruecos se atreve a desafiar a la ONU impidiendo su entrada... De momento, Haidar ha solicitado la intervención del SG de la ONU, Ban Ki Mun, para asegurar su protección personal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pero sí sabemos lo que podemos hacer nosotros.&lt;br /&gt;El 17 de noviembre de 2009 la Mesa del Congreso ha calificado una iniciativa presentada por el Grupo Parlamentario Mixto (en concreto, la diputada de UPyD, Rosa Díez). Se trata de una Proposición no de Ley para modificar la Ley 40/1975, de 19 de noviembre, sobre descolonización del Sáhara en la que se facultaba al Gobierno incorporando los principios que deberán regir la política exterior del Reino de España en relación con la descolonización del Sáhara Occidental. (162/000522).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ya sabemos lo que supuso esa ley, la última del franquismo. A partir de ahora, ya no caben ambigüedades. El Grupo Parlamentario Socialista, el grupo parlamentario popular, igual que otros grupos como el de ERC o el nacionalismo vasco tendrán que pronunciarse. Todos tienen que pronunciarse:&lt;br /&gt;¿están o no de acuerdo con la última ley del franquismo?&lt;br /&gt;Yo no.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;POST-DATA (20-XI-2009)&lt;br /&gt;Hoy, aniversario de la muerte de Franco y de la publicación en el BOE de la llamada ley de "descolonización" del Sahara se producen tres noticias importantes:&lt;br /&gt;- Aminetu Haidar, con una fortaleza moral fuera de lo común ha dicho que rechaza el estatus de refugiada política que le ha ofrecido Moratinos. Ha dicho que tiene derecho a ir a su tierra y exige que se respete ese derecho que ella tiene. Eso se llama dignidad.&lt;br /&gt;- Magnífico artículo en La Voz de Lanzarote denunciando las declaraciones de Moratinos que dijo, en el colomo del cinismo, que España había "facilitado" la entrada en España a Haidar... cuando como es notorio vino obligada. Eso se llama indignidad.&lt;br /&gt;- Human Rights Watch condena a España y a Marruecos por violar el artículo 12 del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos. Exactamente tal y como he argumentado en este artículo.&lt;br /&gt;- Comienza la marea de solidaridad con Aminetu Haidar:&lt;br /&gt;* Treinta eurodiputados firman un escrito exigiendo que Aminetu Haidar vuelva a su patria, el Sahara Occidental, derecho que se le reconoce por la legalidad internacional.&lt;br /&gt;* El actor Guillermo Toledo ha ido este jueves a Lanzarote a solidarizarse con Aminetu Haidar. Como tiene que ser: de las palabras a los hechos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;POST-DATA (27-XI-2009)&lt;br /&gt;La Plataforma de solidaridad con Aminetu Haidar ha creado un blog cuya lectura resulta indispensable para seguir la crisis actual:&lt;br /&gt;Todos con Aminetu.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-6749953579503324066?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/6749953579503324066/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=6749953579503324066' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/6749953579503324066'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/6749953579503324066'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/11/sahara-caso-de-haidar-zapatero-ejecuta.html' title='Sahara-Caso de Haidar : Zapatero ejecuta la última voluntad del franquismo'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SxGzG7f3gMI/AAAAAAAADC8/HfbS_CzWn18/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-773853439252700167</id><published>2009-10-20T05:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-20T05:40:03.847-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Statement on Western Sahara Prepared for Delivery to the United Nations Fourth Committee:John M. Miller, National Coordinator, ETAN</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/St2vleg0nxI/AAAAAAAADCk/HCCOYtRTrt0/s1600-h/timor+leste.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 116px; height: 58px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/St2vleg0nxI/AAAAAAAADCk/HCCOYtRTrt0/s200/timor+leste.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5394660987040472850" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;United Nations, New York, October 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Petitioner: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;John M. Miller, National Coordinator, ETAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Chairperson, distinguished members of the committee, I thank you for this opportunity to speak on behalf of the East Timor and Indonesia Action Network on Western Sahara.  I also serve as the U.N. representative for the International Federation for East Timor. Both organizations were long active in support of the struggle of the East Timorese people for self-determination.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Five weeks ago, I was in the independent Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the "popular consultation" that brought 24 years of illegal Indonesian occupation to an end. Timor-Leste is now a member of the United Nations and addressed this committee in support of Western Sahara earlier this week.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ten years ago, on August 30, the East Timorese people belatedly exercised their right to self-determination. – They voted in massive numbers, defying the bloody campaign of the Indonesian military and its militia proxies. In the face of threats of destructive retaliation that were soon realized, they expressed their preferred choice of independence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In doing so, the people of Timor-Leste exercised their inalienable right and expressed their "passionate yearning for freedom" described by the UN General Assembly nearly 50 years ago in its 1960 declaration (1514 (XV)) on decolonization, which unambiguously declared that "all peoples have the right to self-determination; by virtue of that right they freely determine political status…"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It should embarrass this institution – and all of you as representatives of United Nations member states – that this committee must continue to discuss the situation of Western Sahara. The discussion should have ended long ago, and its people should have exercised their right to self-determination.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The parallels between the situations of Timor-Leste and Western Sahara are clear. In 1975, within weeks, larger neighbors, defying international law and the UN Charter, invaded both countries as they were on the verge of decolonization. For decades, Morocco and Indonesia continued to brutally occupy and illegally exploit the resources of Timor-Leste and Western Sahara in defiance of UN resolutions. The invaders received weapons and diplomatic support from the United States and other powerful countries. Both colonies remained on the General Assembly agenda as non-self-governing territories. Both invasions were clearly condemned by the Security Council. Both peoples suffered horrendous human rights crimes, including torture, disappearances, displacement, and rape. Those who organized and ordered these crimes have yet to be brought to justice. This only encourages others to defy international law.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While in Timor-Leste, I participated in a conference, "Hametin Solidaridade: Luta Nafatin Ba Justisa," in English: "Strengthening Solidarity: The Struggle for Justice Continues." More than 200 people from 18 countries discussed the continuing need for justice and accountability for human rights crimes committed during the Indonesian occupation. Many of those attending had long been active in Timor-Leste's struggle for self-determination both inside and outside the country; others were young students enthusiastic to learn more about their own country's and others' struggles. The conference expressed strong support for an ad hoc international tribunal for Timor-Leste.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, the focus of the conference was not only on the recently independent country. We also looked outward to ask where we and the East Timorese people should extend our solidarity to others struggling for self-determination, justice and peace. We felt strongly that others should benefit from the international solidarity extended to Timor-Leste over the decades. The Conference "enthusiastically endorsed" self-determination for Western Sahara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was recently forwarded a statement by the Timorese organization, MEC-TL (Movimento Estudante Cristaun Timor-Leste). They reject the Moroccan presence in Western Sahara. They call on France and Spain to consider the Saharawi voice for independence and call on the United Nations to give Western Sahara its referendum on independence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The people of Timor-Leste have much in common with the people of Western Sahara. They – and those of us who supported Timor's campaign for self-determination -- hope those common experiences will soon include a genuine act of self-determination.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We urge Morocco and its allies to end their delaying tactics. The United Nations and its member states should fulfill its promise to support decolonization worldwide and more forward with Western Sahara's referendum&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a truism: "Justice delayed is justice denied." The paraphrase, "Self-determination delayed is self-determination denied," is certainly as true. The people of Timor-Leste had their right self-determination denied for nearly two and one-half decades. The people of Western Sahara have been denied their rights for 34 years and counting. They should not have to wait any longer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thank you.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-773853439252700167?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/773853439252700167/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=773853439252700167' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/773853439252700167'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/773853439252700167'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/10/statement-on-western-sahara-prepared.html' title='Statement on Western Sahara Prepared for Delivery to the United Nations Fourth Committee:John M. Miller, National Coordinator, ETAN'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/St2vleg0nxI/AAAAAAAADCk/HCCOYtRTrt0/s72-c/timor+leste.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-8436619775611633453</id><published>2009-10-20T05:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-20T05:07:40.723-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Dr. Pedro Pinto Leite'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IPJET'/><title type='text'>Statement on Western Sahara  to the  Special Political and Decolonization Committee by:  International Platform of Jurists for East Timor</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/St2oAwIha2I/AAAAAAAADCc/UiSgWpwsQZ0/s1600-h/hkadadcorkcon.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 150px; height: 113px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/St2oAwIha2I/AAAAAAAADCc/UiSgWpwsQZ0/s200/hkadadcorkcon.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5394652659533835106" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;by:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;International Platform of Jurists for East Timor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;and&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stichting Zelfbeschikking West-Sahara  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;October 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Petitioner: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Pedro Pinto Leite &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Chairman, distinguished delegates,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I wish to thank you for the opportunity to speak before this Committee on behalf of the International Platform of Jurists for East Timor; an NGO made up of 650 law professors, judges, attorneys and other jurists from more than 80 countries. I am also speaking on behalf of the Stichting Zelfbeschikking West-Sahara; an association established under Dutch law for the defense of the right to self-determination of the people of Western Sahara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Chairman,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Last year at this Committee I noticed a smile on the face of many of the delegates when two petitioners for Morocco accused Polisario of “genocide and even cannibalism”. It is indeed amazing how far can Moroccan propaganda go, how ridiculous it can be.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nick Brooks, a researcher in the field of climatic change of the Tyndall Centre, University of East Anglia, who works in the Sahara and the Sahel, became target of the hate of Rabat and of the supporters of the occupation since he started to turn his attention to the Moroccan propaganda machine. I vividly recommend everyone to read his blog ‘Sand &amp; Dust’, where he analyses the key principles of such propaganda. The pro-Morocco petitions at this Committee scrupulously follow those key principles:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- they avoid the issue of Morocco’s occupation, they don’t mention the referendum, but instead they portray Polisario as a separatist group driven by Marxist or Islamist ideology;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- they try to discredit Polisario through accusations of slavery, terrorism, fundamentalism (and, as said, accusations of “genocide and even cannibalism”), while Morocco is portrayed as a very democratic regime;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- they emphasise that independence is not realistic and that we are seeking to prolong the conflict, that we are thus prolonging the suffering of the people in the Tindouf camps;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- they state that the people in the Tindouf camps want to be Moroccan and are being held against their will;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- they portray the conflict as one between Algeria and Morocco, rather than between Morocco and Polisario, and insist on Algeria’s links to terrorists, communists and fundamentalists;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- they emphasize the “eastern-block” nature of the countries that have historically supported the idea of independence, hoping that this will help to discredit the idea of a referendum on independence;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- they accuse us, the Western Sahara solidarity groups, of being paid by Algeria, and portray us as a tiny minority whose views do not count;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- they emphasize the alleged benefits that Morocco is bringing to the occupied territory and accuse us of being ill informed extremists who are against development;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- they deny that Polisario controls a significant part of Western Sahara, portray this as a buffer zone set up by Morocco in cooperation with the UN and accuse anyone talking about the Free Zone of propaganda;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- they give the impression that the UN supports Morocco’s position and insist that Morocco’s autonomy plan is compatible with the right to self-determination;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- they invoke the views of the few who support the Moroccan position (the case of van Walsum), but dismiss views from international bodies when they appear to support the holding of a referendum or the idea of independence: for instance, they see the original UN resolutions on Western Sahara as irrelevant;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- they dismiss countries that recognise the Saharawi Republic as irrelevant, usually Marxist, regimes and, needless to say, they are silent about the position of the African Union;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- they portray the conflict as a hangover from the Cold War rather than a conflict about decolonisation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Chairman, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unfortunately for Morocco and its supporters, facts are stubborn things:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * the fact is that part of the territory of Western Sahara is illegally occupied by Morocco and another part is under the total control of Polisario;&lt;br /&gt;    * the fact is that more than 80 states recognise the Saharawi Republic;&lt;br /&gt;    * the fact is that the Saharawi Republic is a member of the African Union and it was even elected as its vice-president;&lt;br /&gt;    * the fact is that more than 100 UN resolutions supported the right to self-determination of the Saharawi people;&lt;br /&gt;    * the fact is that Morocco refuses a referendum that would solve the problem once and forever;&lt;br /&gt;    * the fact is that an autonomy plan without the option of independence is contrary to international law;&lt;br /&gt;    * the fact is that many Moroccans are involved in terrorist attacks, and no Saharawi;&lt;br /&gt;    * the fact is that the report of Human Rights Watch of December 2008 denounced once more the violations committed by Morocco in the occupied territory, disproved Rabat’s accusation that the Saharawi refugees of Tindouf are hostages of Polisario and recommended the UN Security Council to expand the mandate of MINURSO to include human rights monitoring;&lt;br /&gt;    * the fact is that the Amnesty International report of 2009 also denounced the serious human rights violations committed by Morocco in Western Sahara;&lt;br /&gt;    * the fact is that the report of the European Parliament ad hoc delegation that visited the occupied territory and the refugee camps recognized the reality of systematic violations of human rights committed by Morocco, considered the denial of the Saharawis’ right to self-determination as the root of all those violations and also proposed that MINURSO’s mandate include human rights monitoring;&lt;br /&gt;    * the fact is that this conflict is a matter of decolonisation, if not it would not be discussed in this Committee.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thank you, Mr. Chairman&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-8436619775611633453?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/8436619775611633453/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=8436619775611633453' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8436619775611633453'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8436619775611633453'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/10/statement-on-western-sahara-to-special.html' title='Statement on Western Sahara  to the  Special Political and Decolonization Committee by:  International Platform of Jurists for East Timor'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/St2oAwIha2I/AAAAAAAADCc/UiSgWpwsQZ0/s72-c/hkadadcorkcon.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-3052056701652223074</id><published>2009-10-04T03:53:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-04T04:00:45.968-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UPES'/><title type='text'>Mapping of the Conflict in Western Sahara</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Ssh_jMJ1ukI/AAAAAAAADBU/zmCks4XKnm4/s1600-h/SidiOmar2008.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 129px; height: 129px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Ssh_jMJ1ukI/AAAAAAAADBU/zmCks4XKnm4/s200/SidiOmar2008.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5388697196683442754" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;By: Dr. Sidi M. Omar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Introduction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The conflict in Western Sahara between the Kingdom of Morocco and the Frente POLISARIO has lasted for over three decades, and continues to pose a potential danger for stability and security in the entire region of North Africa. Despite the successive efforts of the international community to resolve the conflict, a mutually agreed solution remains elusive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Drawing on theories of conflict resolution, I will present in the paper a roadmap of the conflict in Western Sahara by analysing its history and context, primary parties, core issues and the positions and interests of the parties involved as well as the conflict dynamics. The aim of mapping the conflict is to provide a clearer understanding of the root causes, nature, dynamics and the possibilities for resolving the dispute.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Various conflict analysis tools are employed to map out conflicts. However, I will draw on the model of “conflict mapping”, which was proposed by Paul Wehr (1979) and then developed by other peace and conflict researchers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The paper will begin with the discussion of the history and context of the conflict in order to determine the setting in which it started and evolved. The analysis will focus on the factors that made the conflict emerge in the first place, and then escalate in 1975 to reach varying degrees of violence in the following years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The primary parties to the conflict in question will be identified and the nature of power relations between them will be analysed. Interested parties and “third parties” will also be considered, with special emphasis on their forms of involvement in the conflict. After identifying the primary parties, the analysis will focus on the core issues around which the conflict has developed and how they are perceived and articulated by the two parties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The paper will analyse the dynamics of the conflict including the precipitating events and the stages of escalation and de-escalation through which the conflict has passed. Finally, a set of possibilities for resolving the conflict will be outlined.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Before presenting a roadmap of the conflict, it is important to say a few words about the nature of the dispute in question. As will be made clear later, the conflict in Western Sahara is not a societal, communal, ethnic, religious or class conflict. Rather, it is an international conflict of a political nature between a state and a national liberation movement. From a conflict resolution perspective, it is framed within the context of what Edward Rice calls “wars of the third kind” (quoted in Miall, Ramsbotham and Woodhouse, 1999:69). This category refers to conflicts in which communities seek to create their own states in wars of national liberation (Holsti, 1996:27). Moreover, the question of Western Sahara is considered by the United Nations as a decolonisation issue. This explains the fact that the territory is still on the UN list of Non-Self-Governing Territories still to be decolonised.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Overall, my main aim in this paper is to demonstrate that the peaceful and sustainable solution to the conflict in Western Sahara necessarily entails the exercise by the people of the territory of their internationally recognised and inalienable right to self-determination through a negotiated, democratic and free process consistent with international legality and norms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Conflict History and Context&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To set the background of the conflict situation, it is important to examine the key historical and political elements that shaped the setting in which the violent conflict emerged and evolved. This contextualisation is also useful in determining the origins and the root causes of the dispute.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One key element of analysis is the existing political and decision-making structures of the parties. It is hence necessary to examine the nature of the political regime ruling in Morocco at the time. As will be made clear later, the nature of this political regime had a significant bearing on how the conflict emerged in the first place.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All Moroccan constitutions[1] stipulate that the country is “a democratic, social, constitutional monarchy”. However, unlike modern constitutional monarchies, where the monarch “reigns but does not rule”, the king in Morocco is the one who appoints the prime minister and other cabinet members and terminates their services. He is also both a temporal and spiritual ruler (Amir Al-Mu’minin or Commander of the Faithful) who rules by decrees, and is not answerable to any state institution. Moreover, the monarchical system of the state is one of the “red zones” that cannot be subject to any constitutional revision.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Because of its authoritarian nature[2], the Moroccan regime oftentimes has had to contain and counter the mounting opposition of many Moroccans who wanted a more democratic system of government. One of the most disturbing examples of the regime’s intolerance of opposition was the 1965 riots in which hundreds of protesters were killed by government forces.[3] The riots symbolised the growing rift between the monarchy and the opposing groups that were calling for an end to the monarchical rule. Opposition to the monarchy continued and developed into other riots in 1981, 1984, 1990 and 1999, which were crushed by state security forces.[4]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To restore its challenged legitimacy, the regime has also resorted to mobilisation techniques by creating the false impression of a “national unanimity” around some “sacred causes” (Hammoudi, 1997: xiv) that serve to saturate the political spectrum and refocus the public attention and resources. One prime example, in this regard, was the expansionist policy that the regime set in motion in the mid-1950s. The significance of this policy lies in the fact that it brought to the surface a latent conflict of interests, which would ultimately develop into a manifest, violent confrontation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the historical narrative of the conflict in Western Sahara, the year 1957 has special importance. It was precisely in that year (14 October 1957) that Morocco, for the first time, declared officially at the UN that Mauritania, the then Spanish Sahara and Ifni “were integral parts of the Moroccan territory”, and hence they were not entitled to decolonisation (Soroeta Liceras, 2001:38). As will be discussed later, Morocco’s argument, as explained by King Mohamed V in September 1958, was that the peoples of these territories were historically Moroccans and “will always be part of the Moroccan community” (Villar, 1982: 65).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is ample evidence that Morocco’s territorial claims to its neighbours originated in the expansionist ideology of the “Greater Morocco”, which was advanced in the late 1950s by Allal el-Fassi, the leader of the ultranationalist Istiqlal party, shortly after Morocco gained its independence from France in March 1956.[5] This ideology, which was fully embraced by the monarchy[6], asserted that the then Spanish Sahara, all of Mauritania, a large part of western Algeria and even St. Louis du Sénégal and a slice of northern Mali (including Timbuktu) all belonged historically to Morocco (Villar 1982; Hodges 1983; Pazzanita 2006—to cite just a few authors).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, in practice Morocco’s numerous claims were fraught with contradictions. For instance, as early as 1966, Morocco publicly recognised the right of the Sahrawi people to self-determination at the UN VI committee. This position was reiterated consistently until 1974. By the early 1960s, Morocco had quietly dropped its claims to parts of Mali and Senegal. The claim to Mauritania was upheld throughout the 1960s, until 1969 when Morocco finally recognised the country as an independent state.[7] As for Algeria, Morocco launched a failed military campaign to take forcefully part of the Algerian western desert in 1963 in what came to be known as the “Sand War”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After dropping its territorial claims to the other countries, Morocco centred its attention on the then Spanish Sahara. When Spain announced that it would hold a self-determination referendum in the territory by mid 1975, Morocco tried to frustrate the promised referendum. Morocco, who was then joined by Mauritania, requested the UN General Assembly to refer the issue to the International Court of Justice (ICJ). On 13 December 1974, the General Assembly requested the ICJ to give an advisory opinion on the status of Western Sahara prior to Spanish colonisation, and called on Spain to postpone the referendum. [8]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In its historic advisory opinion on Western Sahara, issued on 16 October 1975, the ICJ very clearly established that there never existed “any tie of territorial sovereignty between the territory of Western Sahara and the Kingdom of Morocco or the Mauritanian entity”. It also endorsed “the decolonisation of Western Sahara” by means of the exercise of “self-determination through the free and genuine expression of the will of the peoples of the Territory”.[9]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Morocco was hoping that its claim to the territory would be legally endorsed by the ICJ. The advisory opinion, however, dealt a heavy blow to its plans and put the monarchical regime in a very difficult situation. It is significant to note at this point that the rule of King Hassan II of Morocco was challenged by two coup d’état in July 1971 and August 1972. Although the king survived both attempts, the mounting discontent in the country, particularly amid the Moroccan military, made it even more difficult for the monarchy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another major element of the historical narrative of Western Sahara was the decolonisation process of the 1960s thanks to which almost all African countries gained their independence form the colonial powers. In the context of this process, the United Nations called on Spain, as early as 1965, to put an end to its colonial domination of the then Spanish Sahara, and to allow its people to exercise their right to self-determination. Obviously, all these elements went against Morocco’s territorial claims to the territory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, another significant element to take into account was the emergence of the Frente POLISARIO in 1973 as a nationalist and anti-colonial movement representing the Sahrawi people and their collective will to freedom and national independence (Cisteró Bahima and Freixes Sanjuán, 1987: 26; De Piniés, 1990: 62).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In view of the discussion above, it is clear that, by 1975, the monarchy in Morocco was in an increasingly difficult situation and in a dire need for an outlet for its domestic problems. This explains the decision taken by King Hassan II, a few days after the issue of the ICJ ruling, to order a so-called “Green March” of 350,000 Moroccans to “peacefully” march into Western Sahara. Furthermore, by 31 October 1975, Moroccan forces were already advancing and invading the northern part of the territory. Although the “Green March” had been prepared well before the ICJ issued its verdict[10], it was the major event that triggered a set of events that led to the outbreak of the violent conflict in Western Sahara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The monarchy’s search for a “sacred cause” to divert the attention from its growing domestic problems was therefore the main reason behind Morocco’s decision to invade and annex Western Sahara in 1975 in violation of UN resolutions and the ICJ ruling. Another key factor was clearly Morocco’s increased interest in the abundant natural resources of the territory particularly fish and phosphate. The Cold War geostrategic considerations also had a significant bearing on Morocco’s move into Western Sahara. It is an open secret that, before and after the outbreak of the conflict, Morocco received huge political and military support from major Western powers, particularly the US and France. As some commentators have observed, the support was “an act of political expediency grounded in East–West political alliances” (Franck cited in Mundy, 2006: 291).&lt;br /&gt;In the main, Morocco’s expansionist ideology of the “Greater Morocco” and its political implications on the regional level was the major element that set up the context in which the conflict in Western Sahara emerged and evolved. Other elements have also contributed, in varying degrees, to shaping the conflict context. Conflicts change and their contexts change as well, but it is essential to gain a full understanding of the key elements that constitute the settings in which conflicts emerge in the first place.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Conflict Parties&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A key element of conflict analysis is evidently the parties that openly oppose each other and have a direct stake in the outcome of the conflict.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the case of Western Sahara, the two conflicting parties[11] are: first, the Kingdom of Morocco and mainly the ruling regime that has mobilised the army and security services to carry on its policies and achieve its goals in the conflict. It has also managed to win the support of some political parties and ordinary people for its annexation of Western Sahara. Second, the Frente POLISARIO, the sole and legitimate representative of the Sahrawi people[12], which has equally mobilised its army to carry on the struggle against Morocco. It has moreover gained massive support for its cause among Sahrawis in the territories under Moroccan occupation, in the Sahrawi refugee camps in south-western Algeria and in the diaspora.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As indicated above, the conflict is essentially an international conflict of a political nature between a state and a liberation movement. This fact puts the two parties into a situation of clear asymmetry in terms not only of power and resources but also of international alliances.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The mainly interested parties in the conflict are the two neighbouring countries to Western Sahara, Algeria and Mauritania. Algeria’s interest in the conflict is due to a number of reasons. First, it has always supported the internationally recognised right of the people of Western Sahara to self-determination, and has remained faithful to this position. This stance is also reinforced by Algeria’s opposition to the use of force to alter the “borders inherited from colonialism”, a principle sanctioned by the African organisation. Second, Algeria was the only neighbouring country that did not take part in Madrid accords that led to the partition of Western Sahara. Third, it hosts over 150,000 Sahrawi refugees who were driven out of their land because of the Moroccan-Mauritanian invasion of the territory. Fourth, it is interested in the restoration of peace and stability in the whole region. As for Mauritania, which was once claimed by Morocco, its interest lies in its concern for peace and stability of a neighbouring country. This is why the two countries are invited, as “neighbouring countries”, to the UN-sponsored negotiations on the future of Western Sahara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As indicated earlier, Morocco received huge political and military support from Western powers during and after the Cold War. A key power that has unreservedly supported Morocco is France, which was the only external party that intervened militarily in the war in the 1970s on the Moroccan-Mauritanian side. Moreover, it has played a crucial role at the Security Council in support of Morocco’s position.[13]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another key party is Spain, the former colonial power of Western Sahara and the de jure administering power of the territory. Many observers have indicated that now the US and France may hold the key to resolving the conflict given their close ties with Morocco and their influence at the Security Council. However, Spain still has legal obligations towards Western Sahara and its people ensuing from its failure to decolonise the territory in line with the UN doctrine. According to Ruiz Miguel (2008), Spain is still under the obligation to observe, respect and promote the right to self-determination of the people of the territory and to maintain the separate and distinct character of the latter with a view to avoiding any obstacle to the future self-determination.[14] Yet, all Spanish successive governments have failed to assume their responsibilities vis-à-vis the decolonisation of Western Sahara. Furthermore, the current Socialist-led Spanish government has been lately engaged in diplomatic actions that, despite their rhetoric, have only complicated the situation and cast more doubts over Spain’s role as an impartial facilitator in the conflict resolution process.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other third parties include the Organisation of African Unity (now the African Union) and the United Nations that intervened, at different stages of the conflict, to settle the dispute.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Causes and Core Issues of the Conflict&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After identifying the primary parties, the analysis will now focus on determining the causes that underlie the conflict and the core issues around which it has developed, and then how they are perceived and articulated by the two parties. Without doubt, identifying the causes of a certain conflict helps us both to understand the nature of the conflict and to deal with it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The root causes of any given conflict are typically the situations and factors that make a social conflict escalate and reach varying degrees of violence. Conflicts are obviously never mono-causal, but are underpinned by a variety of causes that dynamically interact over the span of the conflict.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My focus however will be on what I consider the structural causes of the conflict in Western Sahara. By structural causes, I mean the “underlying reasons” of the violent conflict that set the global context in which the parties interact, pursue their goals and use the means to achieve them. As outlined above, the structural direct cause of the conflict in Western Sahara is thus Morocco’s military invasion and annexation of the territory in 1975, which provoked resistance on the part of the Sahrawi people under the leadership of the Frente POLISARIO. This situation has led to more than 16 years of outright war and so far other 17 years of war, but by other means.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Goals of the Parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To understand the nature of the conflict, it is also important to identify the goals of the conflict parties, or their desirable outcomes of the conflict, and to place these issues within the context of the dispute.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In analysing the goals of the parties, it is also useful to make a distinction between their positions and interests, where the first describes the specific demands publicly articulated by the disputants, and the second refers to the underlying needs that drive them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Positions of the parties&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In any conflict situation, the goals of the parties and the way in which they articulate them (positions) are typically described as diametric opposites. As regards the conflict in question, Morocco’s recourse to violence (in the form of invasion and forced annexation) was prompted, first, by its intention to recover what it perceived as a “despoiled” land, and then (in the face of the Sahrawi resistance) to defend the “territorial integrity” of the Kingdom. By contrast, the goal of the Frente POLISARIO is to defend the country (over which Morocco has no legal sovereignty) and liberate it from foreign occupation as a prerequisite for the Sahrawi people to be able to exercise their internationally recognised and inalienable right to self-determination.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The positions of the conflicting parties are usually framed in the form of either a status-quo maintaining or status-quo changing (Sandole, 2007). In this case, Morocco intends to maintain its de facto control of the territory, although no country or international organisation recognises de jure this situation. In contrast, the Frente POLISARIO is engaged in status-quo changing by seeking to put an end to the occupation and institute an independent state as a result of a self-determination referendum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Interests of the parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whilst positions are articulated in visible forms and could be assessed objectively, needs and interests are subjective and hence hard to gauge accurately. However, this does not mean that these self-perceived elements cannot be analysed, but any analysis requires some caution. Caution is essential, not least in the case of third parties that seek to intervene to help settle a given conflict. This is because they have to take into account the parties’ own needs instead of imposing their visions of those needs on the parties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unlike the parties’ positions, interests refer to the desires, concerns and fears that underlie those positions. Many theorists contrast interests with positions (Fisher, Ury and Patton, 1991: 40). It is suggested that when framed in terms of positions, conflicts often appear to be highly intractable, since one party may want something that the other party diametrically opposes. It is also argued that redefining the conflict situation in terms of the reasons that underlie the parties’ positions may enable the parties to identify win-win solutions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some conflict theorists combine the concepts of interests and needs. However, human needs theorists distinguish between the two, arguing that one of the primary causes of intractable conflicts is people’s unyielding drive to meet their unmet needs on the individual, group and societal level (Northrup, 1989). Interests in this sense may represent tangible things that could be traded and bargained for, whereas needs are intangible things such as identity, security and recognition, which cannot be compromised. Human needs theorists, however, argue that, although needs cannot be traded, they could be addressed in a generally win-win situation (Rothman, 1997) that is beneficial to the parties concerned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In terms of the conflict in question, the main concern for the Moroccan Kingdom is to preserve the monarchical establishment itself and to sustain its nationalist prestige and, in part, its legitimacy that has inextricably been linked with the issue of Western Sahara. Another key concern lies in maintaining the individual and collective interests of other shareholders that have big stakes in the conflict. These include the military establishment of which bulk is stationed in Western Sahara, and the political and business class that form part of the Makhzen system. [15]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As far as the Sahrawis are concerned, it is their collective feeling that their national identity is being attacked and denied by the Moroccan state that has prompted their involvement in the conflict in the first place. For them, Morocco does not only claim their land, but also denies the existence of a Sahrawi people. The translation of this denial in the realm of politics was the bombardment of Sahrawi civilians with napalm and white phosphorus in 1975, and the scorched-earth policy pursued by Moroccan occupying forces in Western Sahara. It is also reflected in the various forms of violence practiced nowadays against civilians in the territories under Morocco’s occupation, and the deliberate destruction of Sahrawi cultural heritage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some commentators describe the conflict in Western Sahara as the case of two nationalisms pitted against each other. However, unlike the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, where two national identities fight for establishing themselves on the same land, the Moroccan-Sahrawi conflict was originally triggered by a ruling elite making use of an ultranationalist ideology for rallying support for its cause. It is true that the official discourse of the Moroccan regime about the “morrocanity” of Western Sahara has been embraced and widely diffused by all state apparatuses to the extent that it has purportedly become the first national cause. Yet the realties on the ground demonstrate that, notwithstanding the timid opening taking place under the new king, the question of Western Sahara is still the exclusive domain of the ruling elite. It is little wonder bearing in mind the incalculable consequences that a possible solution to this question may have on the existence of the monarchy itself.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is this context of confrontation of interests and needs that has largely shaped the way in which the parties have related to each other, which has been characterised by a great deal of hostility and suspicion mainly during the violent stage of the conflict. Even though the feelings of enmity may have been lessened following the cease-fire of 1991, suspicion is still there especially after Morocco unilaterally backed out from the mutually agreed and UN-sanctioned agreements. The persistence of human rights violations in the territories under Moroccan occupation has also sparked strong feelings of resentment and rejection amid Sahrawi population. If these violations continue, they may lead to further violence, and the situation may slide again into the spiral of violent conflict.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dougherty and Pfaltzgraff (1990:282) have suggested that when conflicts escalate, the aggressor, rather than taking the blame itself, tends to place the blame on the victim because it challenges its aggression. By doing this, the aggressor shapes its own reality and creates a self-fulfilling prophecy that the victim is malevolent. A prime example of this behaviour is the Moroccan official and media discourse that repeatedly describes the Frente POLISARIO as a “secessionist movement” in order to justify its aggressive conduct.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The search for a mutually negotiated solution to the conflict would primarily require restoration of trust between the two conflicting parties. This may involve attempts to break the psychological barriers, which have been erected in the course of the conflict, through incremental confidence-building measures (CBMs). A few initiatives have been made in this regard including, for instance, visits by Moroccan journalists to the Sahrawi refugee camps, and the publication in some Moroccan newspapers of interviews and articles penned by Sahrawi activists and officials of the Frente POLISARIO. The United Nations has also been engaged in a series of CBMs and it is willing to expand those measures, but Morocco is still unwilling to accept the proposed arrangements.[16]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Conflict Dynamics&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conflict is “something ever-changing, ever dynamic” (Galtung, 1996:89). Even if the parties are at a stalemate, aspects of the conflict context keep on shifting. Moreover, the ways in which the parties respond to conflict and the means by which they attempt to achieve their goals influence and direct the course of the conflict. The action of one party determines to some extent the responding action of the other party, and it is this action-reaction pattern that typically shapes conflict dynamics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As outlined above, the “Green March” and the subsequent invasion by Moroccan forces of the northern parts of Western Sahara in October 1975 were “triggering events” that marked the start of the manifest conflict between Morocco and the Frente POLISARIO.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since its beginning, the conflict witnessed a rapid escalation of violence with destructive consequences for both parties. However, by the early 1980s, the intensity of the conflict was reduced due to the construction of the Moroccan defensive walls (the berm) and the huge cost that Morocco was incurring to continue the war. By that time, the two parties came to realise that neither side was able to achieve a military solution to the conflict. This situation provoked a stalemate, which gave the Organisation of African Unity (now the African Union) and the United Nations an opportunity to intervene by brokering a peace deal that the two parties accepted. With the entry into force of the UN-supervised cease-fire in September 1991, which is still in place, the violent conflict was completely de-escalated. This de-escalation phase, which some would describe as one of “no war, no peace”, is what prevails now and no one is certain of what it may lead to. Will it lead to a final solution, the continuation of the status quo, or, what is worse, the resumption of hostilities? This question cannot be easily answered.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Possibilities for Solution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the context of the previous discussion, I will now outline the prospects for resolving the conflict and the possibilities to which they may lead. I will mention these possibilities in an order of likelihood.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. In my view[17], it seems more likely now that the impasse will continue for some time. Given the already known positions of the two parties and the lack of interest by the key powers in the Security Council to press for any solution to this low intensity conflict, there seems to be no way out in the near future. The status quo is likely to continue for many months or years to come. Obviously, the maintenance of the status quo has thus far benefited Morocco, which continues to control three-quarters of Western Sahara, whilst seeking to obtain international recognition for its de facto annexation of the territory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Another possibility is that the two parties engage in direct negotiations in good faith, without preconditions, to achieve a mutually acceptable political solution as requested by the Security Council in its latest resolutions on Western Sahara. However, given the history of negotiations between the two parties, where agreements were concluded and sanctioned by the UN and then violated with impunity by Morocco, negotiations may not lead to any substantive results unless new factors are brought into play.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.1. Among these factors may be the intensification of the Sahrawi peaceful uprising in the occupied territories that began in May 2005, which may make the situation much harder for Morocco, compelling it then to consider negotiating for a settlement. However, it is still too early to assess what impact the uprising may have on the situation in Morocco in the long run.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.2. Another related factor is the possibility of drastic internal changes taking place in one side that may compel it to go to the negotiating table. What happened in Indonesia in 1998 in relation to the case of East Timor is an example of how significant changes in one camp could lead to the settlement of a protracted conflict.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.3. Another important factor, which has until now been clearly absent, is a stronger involvement by the UN in the resolution of the conflict and a greater interest by key powers in exerting considerable pressure on Morocco to allow the self-determination referendum to take place. For the UN to engage very actively in the issue it may have to resort to Chapter VII of its Charter, which provides for enforcement measures. However, it is very likely that France will oppose any resolution imposing an unfavourable solution on Morocco.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Another possibility is that the two parties voluntarily, with or without the assistance of the UN, reach a mutually agreed arrangement leading to a just, lasting, and viable solution consistent with international legality. For this to happen, however, it requires a genuine political will on the part of the elite currently ruling in Morocco that has not yet showed any interest in any solution, not least in the context of international legality and norms.&lt;br /&gt;4. Lastly, should all these factors fail to bring about a solution to the conflict, the likelihood of active hostilities between the two parties would be greater. Obviously, the resumption of violent conflict in Western Sahara will be in nobody’s interest, and it is certain that it will be a source of extreme instability not only in northwest Africa but also in the whole Mediterranean region.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Conclusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The discussion above has made it clear that the direct, structural cause that underlies the ongoing conflict in Western Sahara between the Kingdom of Morocco and the Frente POLISARIO is Morocco’s military invasion and annexation of the territory in 1975. The origins of this action, however, lie in the expansionist ideology of the “Greater Morocco” and the subsequent territorial claims that the Moroccan regime has laid on its neighbours. As expected, Morocco’s military invasion provoked a reaction and resistance on the part of the Sahrawi people led by the Frente POLISARIO.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This situation has led to a protracted conflict that has lasted for over three decades, which continues to pose a potential danger for stability and security in the entire region of North Africa. Despite the successive efforts of the international community to resolve the conflict, a mutually agreed solution remains elusive. Yet, for the peoples of the region to achieve their aspirations to integration, development and peace, a rapid, just and sustainable solution to the conflict has become more urgent than ever.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this context, I believe that a peaceful, just and lasting solution to conflict in Western Sahara necessarily entails the exercise by the Sahrawi people of their internationally recognised and inalienable right to self-determination through a negotiated, democratic and free process that is consistent with international legality and norms. In this process, they could decide their political future, either to be independent, integrate into Morocco or settle for another arrangement. In any case, the final word should be theirs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I also believe that the success of the UN-led negotiation process will depend not only on the political will on both sides to achieve a mutually acceptable solution consistent with international legality, but also on their ability to think seriously about their relations in the post-conflict context. This process of cooperative thinking will imply, among other things, determining the mutual guarantees in all vital areas, which each party would be willing to grant to the other with a view to achiving not only a win-win solution, but also one that will address the core issues around which the conflict has developed. The proposal presented by the Frente Polisario to the UN in April 2007 contains significant elements to be considered in this regard. What is needed, therefore, is not only a settlement of the conflict that addresses the publically articulated positions of the parties, bus also a transformaion of the root conflict in the first place. In other words, what is needed is a solution that does not only end the hostilities but also seeks to address the structural causes of the violent conflict in order to create the underlying conditions for a sustainable peace in the whole region.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Notas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;[1] Since its independence in 1956, Morocco has had five constitutions promulgated respectively in 1962, 1970, 1972, 1992 and 1996.&lt;br /&gt;[2] Many works have been written about the authoritarian nature of the monarchical system in Morocco. One important historical study on this subject is done by the Moroccan scholar, Abdellah Hammoudi’s, in his book Master and Disciple: the Cultural Foundations of Moroccan Authoritarianism (University of Chicago Press, 1997).&lt;br /&gt;[3] Patricia Campbell “Morocco in Transition: Overcoming the Democratic and Human Rights Legacy of King Hassan II”. African Studies Quarterly 7, no. 1, , accessed 2 March 2004.&lt;br /&gt;[4] Because of its repressive history, Morocco has often been listed among the world’s most repressive regimes. See, for instance, “Freedom in the World 2003: The Annual Survey of Political Rights &amp; Civil Liberties”, A Special Report to the 59th Session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Geneva, 2003.&lt;br /&gt;[5] On 7 July 1956, the Istiqlal daily newspaper, Al Alam, published a map of the “Greater Morocco”, and a month later, the expansionist policy was endorsed by the party’s congress.&lt;br /&gt;[6] In 1957, a new department was created at the Moroccan Interior Ministry called “General Directorate for Saharan and Frontier Affairs” and a cousin of Allal el-Fassi, Abdelkebir, was named head of the department (Pazzanita, 2006).&lt;br /&gt;[7] On 8 June 1970, a treaty of friendship and cooperation was signed in Casablanca between Morocco and Mauritania.&lt;br /&gt;[8] GA resolution 3292 (XXIX) of 13 December 1974.&lt;br /&gt;[9] ICJ (1975) Advisory Opinion on Western Sahara, 1975, ICJ 12ICJ, &lt; http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?sum = 323&amp;code = sa&amp;p1 = 3&amp;p2 = 4&amp;case = 61&amp;k = 69&amp;p3 = 5&gt;, accessed 20 November 2008.&lt;br /&gt;[10] In August 1975, two months before the ICJ issued its ruling, King Hassan II stated that “whatever the result, Morocco will recover its rights over its despoiled provinces no later than toward the end of this year” (quoted in Hodges, 1983: 207).&lt;br /&gt;[11] Mauritania joined Morocco in invading and partitioning Western Sahara by virtue of Madrid accords of 14 November 1975. However, in 1979, it formally abandoned its claim to Western Sahara, and signed a peace agreement with the Frente POLISARIO. Morocco immediately moved to annex the portion previously claimed by Mauritania.&lt;br /&gt;[12] See, for instance, A/RES/34/37 of 21 November 1979.&lt;br /&gt;[13] The Frente POLISARIO publicly voiced great concern about France’s position at the Security Council in April 2008, which rejected any reference to human rights in the Council’s resolution on Western Sahara. The position was described as “contrary to the international community’s efforts for peace in the region.” , accessed 14 July 2009.&lt;br /&gt;[14] See Carlos Ruiz Miguel (2008): “Spain’s Legal Obligations as Administering Power of Western Sahara” a paper delivered at the International Conference on Multilateralism and International Law, with Western Sahara as a Case Study, Pretoria, South Africa (4- 5 December 2008), , accessed 20 July 2009.&lt;br /&gt;[15] Makhzen is a specific form of authority that is present throughout the governing class in Morocco with the king as its linchpin, and it is considered the “power behind the throne”.&lt;br /&gt;[16] One case in point was the reluctance of the Moroccan delegation to discuss and accept the package of CBMs proposed during the UN-sponsored negotiations held in Manhasset last year.&lt;br /&gt;[17] Similar views were expressed in my article Omar, Sidi M. (2008): “The Right to Self-determination and the Indigenous People of Western Sahara”, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 21-1, 41-57.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;/////////////////////&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Source:&lt;/span&gt; http://www.gees.org/articulo/6705/&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-3052056701652223074?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/3052056701652223074/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=3052056701652223074' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/3052056701652223074'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/3052056701652223074'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/10/mapping-of-conflict-in-western-sahara.html' title='Mapping of the Conflict in Western Sahara'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Ssh_jMJ1ukI/AAAAAAAADBU/zmCks4XKnm4/s72-c/SidiOmar2008.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-2017607999236918167</id><published>2009-10-03T03:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-03T05:52:33.807-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UPES'/><title type='text'>Extract from President Obama speech before the UN General Assembly 2009</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SsdJBLrI-TI/AAAAAAAADBE/kFYH_98pK4k/s1600-h/husenbarakobama.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 180px; height: 143px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SsdJBLrI-TI/AAAAAAAADBE/kFYH_98pK4k/s200/husenbarakobama.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5388355763834517810" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;...This Assembly’s Charter commits each of us -- and I quote -- "to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women." Among those rights is the freedom to speak your mind and worship as you please; the promise of equality of the races, and the opportunity for women and girls to pursue their own potential; the ability of citizens to have a say in how you are governed, and to have confidence in the administration of justice. For just as no nation should be forced to accept the tyranny of another nation, no individual should be forced to accept the tyranny of their own people. (Applause.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As an African American, I will never forget that I would not be here today without the steady pursuit of a more perfect union in my country. And that guides my belief that no matter how dark the day may seem, transformative change can be forged by those who choose to side with justice. And I pledge that America will always stand with those who stand up for their dignity and their rights -- for the student who seeks to learn; the voter who demands to be heard; the innocent who longs to be free; the oppressed who yearns to be equal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Democracy cannot be imposed on any nation from the outside. Each society must search for its own path, and no path is perfect. Each country will pursue a path rooted in the culture of its people and in its past traditions. And I admit that America has too often been selective in its promotion of democracy. But that does not weaken our commitment; it only reinforces it. There are basic principles that are universal; there are certain truths which are self-evident -- and the United States of America will never waver in our efforts to stand up for the right of people everywhere to determine their own destiny. (Applause.)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-2017607999236918167?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/2017607999236918167/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=2017607999236918167' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/2017607999236918167'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/2017607999236918167'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/10/extract-from-president-obama-speech.html' title='Extract from President Obama speech before the UN General Assembly 2009'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SsdJBLrI-TI/AAAAAAAADBE/kFYH_98pK4k/s72-c/husenbarakobama.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-2791844556165699632</id><published>2009-10-03T03:32:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-03T03:36:00.041-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Philippe Mora'/><title type='text'>Philippe Mora opens his diary</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SscpCDvYD1I/AAAAAAAADA8/LVNy4JqOw3o/s1600-h/australia.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 180px; height: 143px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SscpCDvYD1I/AAAAAAAADA8/LVNy4JqOw3o/s200/australia.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5388320594512580434" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was in Sydney’s Chinatown, enjoying delicious steamed lobster with ginger and attending the recent Film Festival, when I got a dramatic phone call. An old friend and cameraman for three of my films, Carlos Gonzalez, was calling from Los Angeles to say that a West Saharan woman, Fetim, from Tindouf refugee camp in Algeria, was flying in to Sydney to denounce a film portraying her as a slave. Carlos was a friend of Fetim, and he asked me would I meet her at the airport. He said the family was very distressed at the allegations and felt betrayed by the Australian film-makers who had lived with them on the pretext they were making a documentary about a family reunion.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Frankly, after decades of battles I have issue fatigue. But I knew Carlos had impeccable credentials on this issue, known as the Forgotten Conflict. He had risked his life in 2006 to go into occupied Western Sahara to film interviews with indigenous children who had been allegedly tortured by the Moroccan occupiers. (Morocco had invaded in 1975.) He was arrested and interrogated for eight hours on 3 June 2006 by Moroccan police and intelligence officers, including the notorious alleged torturer Mohammed El Hassouni, known as ‘Moustache’. He was then promptly deported and denounced in the Moroccan press, to our great amusement, but not to his, as being a spy for Hugo Chavez and Mossad. Since I knew he was neither but a director of children’s shows for Nickelodeon in Hollywood and a generally standup fellow, I agreed to help his incoming ‘slave’ friends.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fetim and her husband Baba arrived chainless early in the morning and I greeted them with Kamal Fadel, the Australian representative of the Polisario, the political organisation that had flown them out. Charismatic, smart and open, I immediately liked Kamal and his two guests. Slaves with passports! They headed for friends in Glebe, where all slaves hang out when they’re in Sydney.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then the whole thing blew up. Fetim’s dramatic denunciation of the film Stolen that night at the festival ended up on the front page of the Sydney Morning Herald. The ABC’s 7.30 Report went after the flaws in the film. Stolen received a barrage of blistering criticism for mistranslations, re-enactments, lack of releases from leading participants, Mondo Cane-type sensationalism, blurring of facts, maps and history. One of the film-makers’ aunts vigorously defended the film on blogs. Meanwhile I had re-connected with old mate, wit, great writer and political connoisseur, Bob Ellis, and as an unlikely Poirot and Sherlock Holmes duo we made some inquiries. An angry UN interviewee cried foul at the film, as did a key translator. Ellis and I exchanged opinions on the film way too rude, if not obscene, for publication in this august magazine. The Morocco-Polisario conflict underlying the debate was not a left-right debate as the film-maker’s aunt tried to make out. In fact, James Baker, no pinko, had tried to help the Polisario with vigour in the Nineties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Producer Tom Zubrycki announced people were trying to ‘do a job’ on the film. He backed out of an interview with me. We met tyro filmmakers Dan Fallshaw and Violeta Ayala in a bar and complained the problem was that people were jealous of them, that Ellis had fought with his wife (sic), that slavery is a state of mind, and other irrelevant inanities. Ellis, like a cultural Grim Reaper, said to Fallshaw, who blanched: ‘You are going to jail, son.’&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The story continued last week when a revamped version, with piquant deletions, was shown at the Melbourne International Film Festival with a disclaimer belatedly added by co-financier Screen Australia. Questions about whether Polisario-haters in Morocco contributed funding to the film remain unanswered.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other serious queries remain about this film, and as a sometime documentary film-maker I maintain that fakery and fraud, if that is what this is, hurts us all as film-makers, journalists and film-goers. It’s my opinion, for example, that it is either dishonesty, negligence or incompetence not to get releases from people one is portraying in a film making such grave allegations. I am no saint, but certain standards should be de rigueur. Perhaps there was acute First World arrogance in this situation. A few Australians pontificating about alleged slavery and really hurting people in the guise of helping them is a bit rich. An Italian NGO in the camp described Ayala as a ‘mythomaniac’.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By contrast, a recent positive highlight was vicariously going into orbit and repairing the Hubble telescope. My wife Pamela and I met six of the astronauts who fixed it in May at a special event at the Academy in Beverly Hills. The astronaut film-makers took up 30 cameras including an IMAX 3D camera that could only film for eight minutes. At a mission cost of US$1.1 billion to fix the Hubble, the eight-minute film element must be the most expensive movie ever made. The bemused astronauts, dressed in Jetsons-style retro blue overalls, mingled with us Hollywood types over drinks and snacks. We watched extraordinary footage of the mission with the jubilation of being in space popping out of the screen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am working on a 3D film about the life of Salvador Dali with producer Fred Bestall of Delux Films in Luxembourg, so I am immersed in notions of surrealism. I don’t think one needs to contrive surrealism because arguably life itself is often surreal. A Daliesque thought: perhaps molecules from the hands of refugees on my hand rubbed off on the Hubble mission astronaut’s hand? The Hubble is searching for the origin of the universe, the refugees search for justice and food for their children. Do these connections mean anything or are they random events? Is all this surreal? Dali himself said: ‘I don’t do drugs. I am drugs!’&lt;br /&gt;----------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Source:&lt;/span&gt; http://www.spectator.co.uk/australia/5289343/diary.thtml&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-2791844556165699632?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/2791844556165699632/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=2791844556165699632' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/2791844556165699632'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/2791844556165699632'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/10/philippe-mora-opens-his-diary.html' title='Philippe Mora opens his diary'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SscpCDvYD1I/AAAAAAAADA8/LVNy4JqOw3o/s72-c/australia.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-2274722519941024721</id><published>2009-10-03T03:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-03T03:32:07.406-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Tim Kustusch'/><title type='text'>Western Sahara’s "Wall of Shame"</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SscoHSkvuhI/AAAAAAAADA0/VOaHkqUFwoA/s1600-h/TimKustusch.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 180px; height: 143px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SscoHSkvuhI/AAAAAAAADA0/VOaHkqUFwoA/s200/TimKustusch.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5388319584882244114" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;How the longest active military wall continues to divide the Saharawi people&lt;br /&gt;By Timothy Kustusch — Special to GlobalPost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;ARABUNI CAMP, Algeria &lt;/span&gt;— It is almost half the size of the Great Wall of China, four times the length of the wall in the West Bank, and 16 times longer than the Berlin Wall ever was, but few have heard of the 1,600-mile-long Moroccan military wall that divides the Western Sahara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the western side of the wall, Morocco exerts de facto control over what the Saharawis call the “Occupied Territories.” On the eastern side, the Saharawis’ Polisario Front governs and maintains its military forces.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Saharawis refer to the Moroccan barrier as the “Wall of Shame,” not only because it divides the 160,000 Saharawi refugees in Algeria from their families and friends in the Moroccan held territory, but also because it threatens the lives and livelihoods of the thousands of Saharawi nomads that still wander through the Western Sahara’s deserts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Construction of the wall began in 1980. Since 1975, the Saharawi People’s Liberation Army (ALPS) had been battling the Moroccan and Mauritanian armies (until the latter’s defeat in 1979), using lightning-strike guerrilla tactics that exhausted their adversaries’ traditional armies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the face of ALPS victories, the Royal Moroccan Army (RMA) began work on a long barrier of simple sand embankments meant to slow down the fast-moving Saharawi soldiers. Between 1980 and 1987, five heavily fortified walls were added to the east and south, completely cutting off the Saharawi soldiers and refugees from their home cities, such as Layoune and Smara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A desert party near Timbuktu Today, despite a ceasefire signed in 1991, both parties actively patrol their respective sides of the wall. Along the western side, Morocco maintains about 160,000 troops, reinforced by heavy military installations every seven miles, which include radar, artillery and tanks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Polisario refuses to cite the number of units that patrol its seven military regions on the eastern side of the wall, claiming that if war is resumed, all Saharawis will come to the front lines to fight.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From afar, the Moroccan military wall appears to be a sandy hill with a few helmeted soldiers peering over the top. A more accurate depiction, however, is given by Hamdi, a 24-year-old Saharawi from Layoune who crossed the wall on foot in 2007 to escape imprisonment by Moroccan police for his pro-independence activities:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"First, I cross a small ditch, about one meter deep and one meter across. Then I arrive at a low wall of rocks. These rocks are loose, so when you try cross the berm, they fall and make noise, so the soldiers come. Then there is other, much bigger trench. When I climb out of that, I cross last wall of sand and rock, which is more than two meters up. I pull myself over, jump down to other side, jump over big barbed wire fence, and run across live field of mines in black of night. I am very afraid of step on mines, but I think, ‘If I make it this far, I have to trust Allah that I make it through the field of mines alive.’”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hamdi is one of thousands of Saharawis who have crossed the wall to flee the Moroccan police and escape to the refugee camps outside of Tindouf, Algeria. Most cross the wall at night with a handful of belongings, a bag of dates, and a few liters of water. After traversing the barrier, they often must spend days walking through the desert before reaching a group of nomads or a Saharawi military company that will take them to the camps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of course, that is only if they survive the nighttime trek across the field of anti-tank and anti-personnel landmines. Though the exact number of mines on the eastern side of the wall is unknown, estimates range from one million to over 10 million, and the U.N. consistently ranks the Western Sahara as one of the top 10 territories most contaminated by landmines and unexploded ordinances (UXOs).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In April, the true threat of these mines became very real for more than 1,200 international visitors who were participating in an annual protest march in front of the berm. During the protest, a group of young Saharawis charged towards the Moroccan soldiers on the other side of the wall, hurling both rocks and insults. A 19-year-old charged forward, and although others tried to restrain the youth, he stepped on a mine and blew off his right foot, injuring four others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A desert party near Timbuktu “You have all seen in a very tangible way how easily Morocco’s wall can convert human life into death,” said Abdelkadar Taleb Omar, a senior member of the Polisario, the following day.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Muhamed Abdelaziz, the secretary general of the Polisario Front, expressed his desire for U.S. President Barack Obama to press Morocco to dismantle its wall, calling it a “grave violation of human rights.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the Saharawi people, however, the Western Saharan conflict is shrouded by another wall — what they refer to as “a media blockade.” The Saharawis insist that their decades-old conflict is painfully underreported in the international media. They say that until this media wall is torn down and the international community becomes interested in the Western Saharan conflict, it is likely that Morocco’s 1,600-mile berm will remain standing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;---------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Source:&lt;/span&gt; http://mobile.globalpost.com/dispatch/africa/090808/western-saharas-wall-shame&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-2274722519941024721?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/2274722519941024721/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=2274722519941024721' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/2274722519941024721'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/2274722519941024721'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/10/western-saharas-wall-of-shame.html' title='Western Sahara’s &quot;Wall of Shame&quot;'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SscoHSkvuhI/AAAAAAAADA0/VOaHkqUFwoA/s72-c/TimKustusch.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-7154216235890953550</id><published>2009-10-02T05:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-02T05:21:13.903-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desde el Atlántico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><title type='text'>Por fin un juez se atreve a investigar un crimen de la monarquía marroquí</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SsXwGV9_bWI/AAAAAAAAC_8/P-g7KgFryeY/s1600-h/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SsXwGV9_bWI/AAAAAAAAC_8/P-g7KgFryeY/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5387976520985701730" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Es un hecho que la monarquía marroquí tiene un record impresionante de crímenes y violaciones de derechos humanos. Y es igualmente un hecho que el gobierno de Rodríguez Zapatero aplica la "doctrina Moratinos" que se puede formular así: "España debe aceptar cualquier cosa que no ponga en peligro a la tiranía alauita" (ellos dicen simplemente "la monarquía"). Ahora por fin un juez decide tirar del hilo de los crímenes de la monarquía marroquí. Pero ese juez no es el intrépido Garzón. Es un juez francés.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;I. LOS CRÍMENES DE HASSÁN II, UN HECHO YA INDISCUTIBLE...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Que la monarquía marroquí es responsable de crímenes y violaciones de derechos humanos no lo digo yo. Lo ha reconocido, nada más y nada menos que Mohamed VI, que montó una llamada "Instancia Equidad y Reconciliación" que se ha dedicado a conceder indemnizaciones a las víctimas de las violaciones de derechos humanos cometidas por su padre, Hassán II, de quien cuando vivía se decían las mismas cosas que ahora se dicen sobre su hijo: Marruecos se está "modernizando", se hacen importantes "reformas", etc., etc.&lt;br /&gt;De momento, eso sí, no hay creada ninguna instancia para indemnizar a las violaciones de derechos humanas provocadas por Mohamed VI. Habrá que esperar a que llegue al trono su sucesor y nuevamente se repita la historia: el "joven" rey será moderno, amante de España, reformista, etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;II. ... PERO EL CRIMEN MÁS IMPORTANTE SIGUE SIN SER RECONOCIDO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pero el hecho es que los crímenes de la monarquía marroquí se han reconocido... al menos en parte.&lt;br /&gt;Y digo en parte porque el crimen cualitativamente más importante de la época de Hassán II fue el asesinato del principal opositor a la monarquía, Mehdi Ben Barka.&lt;br /&gt;¿Por qué?&lt;br /&gt;Dos son las razones.&lt;br /&gt;La primera y más importante, es que a diferencia de los demás crímenes que se consumaron en el territorio marroquí, ese crimen se cometió en Francia y con la complicidad, activa o pasiva, del gobierno y los servicios secretos franceses.&lt;br /&gt;La segunda razón es que Ben Barka fue el gran líder carismático que, de no morir, habría conseguido que Marruecos fuera una república.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;III. UN JUEZ FRANCÉS HACE LO QUE GARZÓN NO SE ATREVIÓ A HACER&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En su día en España se presentó una querella ante el juez Garzón contra Hassán II, entonces reinante, por el genocidio del pueblo saharaui. El "valiente" juez Garzón archivó la querella.&lt;br /&gt;Mucho tiempo después, ya muerto Hassán II, se ha presentado otra querella contra sus principales esbirros que Garzón admitió pero que, una vez admitida, se halla durmiendo el sueño de los justos.&lt;br /&gt;Pero hay un juez en Francia más valiente que Garzón. Se llama Patrick Ramael y está investigando el asesinato de Ben Barka. He escrito "investigando". Lo repito, "investigando". Vamos, algo serio. Y ha ordenado detener al máximo responsable de la Gendarmería marroquí. A un individuo al que el gobierno de Rodríguez Zapatero, el "progresista", concedió la máxima condecoración del Estado Español, la Gran Cruz de Isabel la Católica.&lt;br /&gt;La noticia la ha dado en España El País y en Francia Le Monde. Reproduzco íntegramente la noticia de El País, que considero muy importante, aunque la de Le Monde y la Agencia France Presse contiene otros detalles que también son muy relevantes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Interpol ordena detener al jefe de la Gendarmería de Marruecos&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    IGNACIO CEMBRERO - Madrid - 01/10/2009&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Interpol ha emitido una orden de detención internacional contra el general Hosni Bensliman, de 74 años, jefe de la Gendarmería de Marruecos, según fuentes judiciales francesas. Bensliman es el militar con la más alta graduación y uno de los pilares del régimen monárquico.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Bensliman es reclamado por el juez instructor francés Patrick Ramaël en el marco de la investigación que lleva a cabo sobre el secuestro y posterior asesinato, en París en octubre 1965, del izquierdista marroquí Mehdi Ben Barka. Después de haber sido profesor del rey Hassan II fue su opositor más acérrimo.&lt;br /&gt;    La organización policial pidió también el arresto del general Abdelhak Kadiri, ex jefe del servicio secreto exterior marroquí, y sus ex agentes Miloud Tounzi y Abdelhak Achaachi. Tounzi habría formado parte del comando que perpetró el secuestro y Achaachi pertenecía a una unidad de elite del servicio secreto.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Ramaël firmó las cuatro órdenes de detención en octubre de 2007, pero el Ministerio de Justicia francés ha tardado dos años en cursarlas a Interpol. Normalmente el procedimiento no dura más de cinco días. El juez francés esperó a la primera visita del presidente Nicolas Sarkozy a Marruecos, en octubre de 2007, para revelar a la prensa que acababa de firmar los mandatos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Tras la difusión de la orden de Interpol será difícil que Bensliman viaje al extranjero sin ser detenido. Estuvo en Madrid a finales de enero, formando parte de una delegación ministerial marroquí, y se reunió con el ministro de Interior, Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba. Teóricamente debería incluso ser detenido en su propio país, que es miembro de Interpol, pero es harto improbable que suceda.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    La Asociación Marroquí de Derechos Humanos publicó en 2001 una lista de 44 miembros de las fuerzas de seguridad, entre los que estaba Bensliman, que presuntamente torturaron durante los llamados "años de plomo" del reinado de Hassan II. La lista fue elaborada partiendo de los testimonios de las víctimas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    El Consejo de Ministros español condecoró a Bensliman, en enero de 2005, con la Gran Cruz de Isabel la Católica en vísperas de la visita de los Reyes de España a Marruecos. La iniciativa dejó atónitas a las asociaciones de defensa de los derechos humanos. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;IV. MOHAMED VI TIENE SU CASO BEN BARKA EN ESPAÑA: ¿SE INVESTIGARÁ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por fin un juez se atreve a investigar un crimen de la monarquía marroquí. Pero eso ocurre en Francia.&lt;br /&gt;En España, sin embargo, existe una asignatura pendiente. "Nuestro" caso Ben Barka. El 4 de agosto de 2004, fue asesinado de un disparo en la cabeza Hicham Mandari, en un parking cerca de Mijas (Málaga). Opositor y asesinado fuera de Marruecos.&lt;br /&gt;Hicham Mandari era, en ese momento el enemigo político nº 1 de Mohamed VI. Para comprobarlo basta leer la última entrevista concedida por Hicham Mandari antes de ser asesinado (El Mundo, 24-IX-2009). Allí dijo cosas como éstas:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Pregunta.– Asegura que ha salido victorioso de un proceso judicial que le enfrentaba a Marruecos. ¿A qué se debe tal proceso y cuáles fueron las consecuencias?&lt;br /&gt;    Respuesta.– El proceso fue iniciado por Palacio, en nombre de Mohamed VI, por unas sumas de dinero que cogí antes de salir de Marruecos. De este modo, al bloquearme financieramente, contaban con obligarme a regresar a Marruecos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    P.– ¿A qué se debe su enemistad con el rey?&lt;br /&gt;    R.- (...) Por eso se creó el Consejo Nacional de Marroquíes Libres (CNML, partido de oposición fundado por Mandari en 2003). Su primera carta fundacional era muy dura, porque exigía que el Rey hiciese las maletas. Salma Benani [esposa de Mohamed VI desde marzo de 2002] no puede seguir dirigiendo el país. El es como un muñequito en sus manos...&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    P.– ¿Qué relación mantiene con la clase política francesa?&lt;br /&gt;    R.– Conozco a todos los ministros franceses. Conozco muy bien a Jacques Chirac. (...)Por lo que a Chirac se refiere, hacía de intermediario para él antes de que fuese presidente. Puedo decirle que he buscado dinero y contribuciones para financiar sus campanas electorales. (...)También sé muchas cosas sobre otros políticos, como Charles Pasqua [ex ministro del Interior con Jacques Chirac y Edouard Baladour] y Jean Pierre Chevènement [ex ministro del Interior con Lionel Jospin]. Incluso inicié un proceso contra este último en EEUU. Lo más bonito de EEUU es que puedes atacar a cualquiera, si tienes pruebas. Y yo tengo pruebas de que Chevènement es y fue siempre un político corrupto. Por ejemplo, recibía financiación de Marruecos, un país por el que siente un gran amor.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    P.– ¿De dónde venía el dinero?&lt;br /&gt;    R.– Mire, he escapado a cuatro intentos de asesinato...&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    P.– Dicen que tiene en su poder documentos comprometedores para la Familia Real. ¿De qué se trata?&lt;br /&gt;    R.– Tengo grabaciones de vídeo y de audio que diversas empresas efectuaron para mí y que están clasificadas como secreto de defensa por EEUU. Lo que más me dolió fue ver a mis medio hermanas comportarse como auténticas putas. Ver el dinero de Marruecos dilapidado en Courchevel [estación de esquí y balneario en Francia donde el rey tiene una residencia]. Si el pueblo supiese que el rey está de vacaciones cuando toda la gente cree que está en el reino... El rey dispone de 38.000 millones de dólares en diversas cuentas colocadas en diferentes lugares de todo el mundo. Es vomitivo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hasta donde yo sé, el asesinato de Mandari no ha quedado aclarado. Hasta donde yo sé, la "justicia" española no está investigando el asunto.&lt;br /&gt;Hasta donde yo sé.&lt;br /&gt;Porque quizá el asunto está muy claro. Tan claro como para que los culpables no hayan sido condenados.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-7154216235890953550?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/7154216235890953550/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=7154216235890953550' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/7154216235890953550'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/7154216235890953550'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/10/por-fin-un-juez-se-atreve-investigar-un.html' title='Por fin un juez se atreve a investigar un crimen de la monarquía marroquí'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SsXwGV9_bWI/AAAAAAAAC_8/P-g7KgFryeY/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-7353793626564600755</id><published>2009-07-19T05:52:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-19T05:58:35.550-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UPES'/><title type='text'>Sahrawis Need Bargaining Power</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmMYa6szkAI/AAAAAAAAC8U/9JDaARd0jcc/s1600-h/Polisario_276864008.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 141px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmMYa6szkAI/AAAAAAAAC8U/9JDaARd0jcc/s200/Polisario_276864008.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5360154832213872642" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;By: Abdelmajid&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Manhasset rounds of talks between the Kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front have produced little progress as to the peaceful resolution of the conflict of Western Sahara. New changes and positions emanating from the UN mediation and from the influential powers could create new hope. The ¨small talks¨ be held between a limited number of negotiators in a kept secret location in Vienna have replaced the well publicized meetings of Manhasset, New York. But little has occurred in the positions of the parties first concerned. Should we expect a magic touch that will bring Morocco to respect the will of the international community? Or should we read progress carefully as it occur. Yes, I am also from Missouri.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The appointment of Christopher Ross, as the new UN Envoy for Western Sahara, coincided with the inauguration of the Obama Administration. All over the world, peoples have their eyes fixed on any signals from Washington, which can make a dramatic change in their lives. The people of Western Sahara welcomed the change in Washington, for the Bush Administration was too obsessed by its “anti-terrorist” fight. In its last two terms, the Bush Administration stopped only short from recognizing Moroccan occupation of Western Sahara. It has encouraged Morocco to invent its miraculous solution of autonomy as a substitute to the carrying out of International Law, under UN supervision in Western Sahara. Washington threatened several times the Sahrawis against any resumption of hostilities in the face of Moroccan intransigent attitude. The appointment of Christopher Ross, an Arabist, familiar with the conflict, and the coming into office of an African-American to the White House news that could create a new momentum for a peaceful solution to the conflict. A hand off attitude from Obama is not enough in this conflict that has plagued the region for so long, created unnecessary suffering for the people and paralyzed the function of the Maghreb union for sometimes, delayed many development opportunities of the people of the Maghreb.&lt;br /&gt;Last month, following a second visit to the region by Christopher Ross, UN Envoy for Western Sahara, the Sahrawis and their allies questioned what the mediator achieved since his last visit, and what are his plans and his strategy to move forward? During his public appearances in the capitals of the Maghreb, Ross talked about the need to resolve “the fundamental issue” and to seek ways to proceed forward. He also referred to self-determination for the Sahrawi people, as well as to relevant Security Council resolutions. During his first visit, there were noticeable gaps in his diplomatic itinerary: Ross stopped short of visiting Addis Ababa and Nouakchott. In regards to the Mauritanian capital, he left it out of his schedule due to the absence of an interlocutor.&lt;br /&gt;After an eclipse of three long months, he reappeared on June 24, in the Algerian capital, the first stop during his second visit to the region. He assured everyone that his mission is on the “right track”, reaffirming his determination to continue searching for a solution to the "big conflict”. This time, Ross chose to meet the Secretary General of the Union of the Maghreb Arab in Rabat, certainly at the initiative of Morocco. This ill advised reunion complicates rather than clarify the invisible dimension of this decolonization conflict. Evading the African Union, an early partner in the UN peace process and including the inactive UMA is a penchant towards Moroccan diplomacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What is next in the negotiations? Is the new Envoy -- an insider to the political establishment in Washington - backed by the Obama Administration? This is a simple but unanswered question, for it can hold the key to his success or failure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In its previous sponsorship and performance during the negotiations, the UN pressured only the Sahrawi party to change its stand: to be more “flexible” and “realistic” and to make the concessions considered necessary for the negotiations to go forward. Even though the mediator does not get his direct instructions from Washington, the peace process in Western Sahara, especially since Baker’s mediation, has been swayed by the direction of the winds that blow from the American capital.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This leads to questions pertaining to the Sahrawi stance: Are the Sahrawis going to place their trust fully and maybe last hope for peace in Christopher Ross, as they did with James A. Baker? Are they going to adopt a wait-and-see attitude hoping that Ross will be able to convince Morocco to adjust its stance? Or, will they hope for a dramatic change of mind in Washington in their favor, because an African- American president may be more empathetic to their cause?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is clear that the Moroccan-Sahrawi conflict has not been on Barak Obama’s top priority list. This was not the case with the former Bush administration, which handled the issue through the aggressive hand of Eliott Abrams , who was Senior Director of the National Security Council for Near East and North African Affairs, and later promoted to Deputy National Security Advisor. Abrams gave firm instructions to the UN, disregarded James Baker´s call for Washington’s support, and directed policies through the unsuccessful mediator Van Walsum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obama does not seem to be in a hurry to reveal his State Department’s stance on the issue. The recent nomination of Samuel Kaplan, who is an active AIPAC member and a “lawyer with no diplomatic experience”, as US ambassador to Morocco, plays in the hands of Morocco. The new context, allowed the regime in Rabat to use its Middle East card – as it has always done - to promote its own agenda.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, it would be naïve to ignore the fact that the ultimate goal for all US administrations remains to serve American interests in this volatile North African region. Historically, Washington’s policy oscillated between open military and diplomatic support for Morocco’s “stability”, and the need to promote other US priorities. During G.W. Bush’s administration, the aim was to “fight terrorism” and advance American economic ventures in the oil rich countries. In this context, there are two possible policy approaches or scenarios that the Obama Administration might adopt in regards to the Moroccan-Sahrawi conflict.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first is that there could be a slight shift in the American stance away from a too close alliance with Morocco, which is stubbornly and aggressively mobilizing around its “autonomy” solutions. This implies a public support for the new mediator and a more sensitive stand as to the plights of the Sahrawi people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The second scenario is a low profile, with no real change in the policy or major adjustment in the US policy towards Morocco as far as Western Sahara is concerned. People who subscribe to this view consider Washington’s policy on long-standing issues such as the case of Western Sahara, as unchanging and a continuation of policies adopted by previous administrations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In other words, they believe in a pragmatic Obama who will disengage from previous Administration positions but will pay little attention to the question of decolonization in Western Sahara, or to the plight of the Sahrawi refugees in the desert, and will not recognize or see the political merit in the Sahrawi non-violent resistance in the occupied territories. Obama, according to this view, will not consider any initiative on this matter, while Morocco will count on its friends in the Middle East to ensure that no such positive initiative sees the light of day. This was the case with former US administrations, which only sporadically showed interest in the UN-sponsored peace proposals and Resolutions regarding the Sahrawi conflict, sometimes very late in their last year in office.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conflicting interests and pressures can generate a middle ground, often assumed by the Sahrawi negotiators. The Sahrawis base their policy on the hope that the US administration might become an honest broker, thereby facilitating Moroccan-Sahrawi negotiations without taking a stand and without siding with one party against the other.&lt;br /&gt;In such a scenario, the difficulties facing the new mediator unambiguously lie with the official Moroccan stance. Putting aside the French and Spanish enthusiasm for the Moroccan proposal, and assuming the Obama administration opts for a neutral position, means that negotiations will unfold according to the balance of power between the negotiating parties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here one may ask: What cards do the Sahrawis and their supporters hold that can tip the scales in their favor?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since 1975, Morocco has been occupying two-thirds of Western Sahara by sheer force and arming itself to the teeth in order to ensure its military superiority. During the last few months, the situation on the military front has been escalating. The cease-fire is precarious and has been threatened by Morocco’s repressive administration. While denying the people of Western Sahara their basic right to self-determination, Morocco is holding the UN mission in the territory hostage in an endless and expensive game, namely by delaying the holding of a free and fair referendum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The territory of Western Sahara and its population are kept at bay and besieged by a Moroccan blockage. No media representatives or foreigners are allowed to visit, unless escorted by government officials. The regime in Rabat keeps the population under its tight control and suppresses any opposition or serious challenge to its authority. The peaceful Sahrawi resistance in the occupied territories is repressed through coercive means, including the use of the military which camp in every street to deter any protest or demonstration. Peaceful demonstrators are crushed, and activists thrown in jail, with no consideration for their legal rights. Furthermore, the Sahrawi population is divided by a long and formidable wall built by Morocco in the eighties. The wall, guarded by thousands of Moroccan soldiers, intensifies the suffering of the Sahrawi people by tearing families and communities apart. It also depletes the UNHCR’s meager resources, used to arrange for family visits, which requires transporting people across the prohibitive wall.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since 1991, the failure of the UN to carry out its peace plan has created an abnormal situation on the ground. The UN is kept silent and stands impotent, even while human rights violations are being committed at its door steps. The various peace plans that were generated in this longest peace process have deepened the frustration of the Sahrawis; their situation remains grim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In accepting the Baker Plan II, the Sahrawi negotiators acquiesced to Morocco’s request to temporarily administer the territory, but did not recognize any legal and permanent rights to the territory. However, the substitution of the UN Settlement Plan with the Baker Plan, which was accepted by the Sahrawis and rejected by Morocco, has certainly weakened the Sahrawi negotiating position and restricted their ability to maneuver in subsequent negotiations. The Sahrawis were further restrained by major concessions they made to put aside, even temporarily, armed struggle as a means to resist occupation, and perhaps more detrimental to de facto de-link the cease-fire from the political solution.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Currently, the Sahrawis do not have the negotiating leverage to counter Morocco’s maximalist position. Meanwhile, Morocco’s friends are attempting to put an end to all forms of armed resistance against the Moroccan occupation, and are concurrently pressuring Sahrawi allies and supporters to normalize their relations with Rabat.&lt;br /&gt;The new mediator’s strategy to the negotiations is to ensure they creep like a snail. This approach could further decrease the visibility of the Western Sahara conflict and reduce international pressure on the parties. It will encourage Morocco’s defiant attitude, mainly to impose conditions, while the Polisario will be required to offer new concessions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In any case, if the negotiations continue with no progress in sight, the lapse of time and political inertia will further weaken the Sahrawi bargaining position. Further vulnerability in the Polisario position will set the stage to an unexpected return to war.&lt;br /&gt;Negotiations for a peace settlement could commence seriously only when Morocco recognizes that its autonomy plan is obsolete. Furthermore, cooperation with the UN should be contingent on a comprehensive road map which provides for the self-determination of the Sahrawi people. In this case, self-determination must mean full conformity with UN Resolutions and international legal principles and standards and not as Morocco wishes it to mean or to be defined.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the next round of negotiations, Christopher Ross must not lose time and credibility, and he should avoid obfuscating the issues, or eclipsing his mandate by seeking to “reinstate confidence” between the parties through never-ending so-called informal and non-binding talks. Such an approach will entrench the schisms and differences between the parties. More importantly, private consultations with each party separately, as Ross proposes, will diminish international pressure on them to cooperate, and will produce false impressions, especially since they are focused on resolving unsubstantial issues.&lt;br /&gt;In this context, the Polisario Front must concentrate its efforts on urgent objectives: it must demand a freeze on all colonial policies and activities Morocco is pursuing in the territory, including an end to political repression of Sahrawi peaceful forms of resistance and to the plundering of Sahrawi national resources. The Polisario must remind and urge the United Nations to comply with its central responsibility, namely to provide protection to the Sahrawi people. It must demand of the UN to play a more active role in improving the social and humanitarian situation in the territory, while pursuing more vigorous negotiations in order to implement its own Resolutions that call for the Sahrawi people’s right to self-determination.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Sahrawis face precarious conditions and a watershed in their history. Consequently, they are required to re-evaluate their bargaining cards and potential in regards to the negotiations and their strategies of resistance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Sahrawi demands are legitimate. The protection of the civilian population in the territories should not be subject to progress at the negotiating table. This objective is critical and must be pursued within a given time frame by the mediator.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The success of the Sahrawi-Moroccan talks cannot and should not be measured by “confidence-building” indicators; rather by concrete improvements on the ground. The outcome of such negotiations must be felt by the Sahrawi population in their daily confrontation with the occupier. Christopher Ross early optimism about holding new talks is a misplaced note.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During the last eighteen years, the Sahrawi population seems to have lost confidence in the UN-sponsored negotiations. Christopher Ross’s first six months have done very little to change that.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;25.06.09&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-7353793626564600755?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/7353793626564600755/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=7353793626564600755' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/7353793626564600755'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/7353793626564600755'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/07/sahrawis-need-bargaining-power.html' title='Sahrawis Need Bargaining Power'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmMYa6szkAI/AAAAAAAAC8U/9JDaARd0jcc/s72-c/Polisario_276864008.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-2967599919631445306</id><published>2009-07-18T06:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-18T06:10:28.807-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='http://bellaciao.org/fr/spip.php?article89098'/><title type='text'>Obama, Sarkozy et l’Afrique : Un constat et deux approches différentes</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmHJup-rPxI/AAAAAAAAC8E/yjFtH7juGeA/s1600-h/husenbarakobama.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 180px; height: 143px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmHJup-rPxI/AAAAAAAAC8E/yjFtH7juGeA/s200/husenbarakobama.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5359786834927501074" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmHJuf21iNI/AAAAAAAAC78/iU5gWwlFZ5w/s1600-h/franca_R.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 81px; height: 54px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmHJuf21iNI/AAAAAAAAC78/iU5gWwlFZ5w/s200/franca_R.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5359786832210266322" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Pr Chems Eddine Chitour&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ecole Polytechnique Alger&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;«Le développement de l’Afrique dépend d’une bonne gouvernance...L’Afrique n’a pas besoin d’hommes forts mais d’institutions solides.»&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Barack Hussein Obama, le 11 juillet 2009 à Accra&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Deux ans presque jour pour jour, deux présidents se sont adressés à l’Afrique avec des approches diamétralement opposées sur la forme mais non sur le fond. L’une se référant à la doxa occidentale depuis près de deux siècles et qui a commencé avec Hegel en 1830 (l’année de l’envahissement de l’Algérie) et s’est poursuivie avec pourrait-on dire les idéologues, du calibre de Renan, Cecil Rhodes voire de Victor Hugo dont les écrits font froid dans le dos. L’autre le président Obama qui, d’une façon ou d’une autre a un patrimoine génétique affectif avec la patrie de ses ancêtres, a su trouver les mots qui admonestent sans blesser.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La position la plus radicale à cet égard est celle qui consiste à dire que l’Histoire de l’Afrique (Noire) n’existe pas. Dans son Cours sur la philosophie de l’histoire en 1830, Hegel déclarait : «L’Afrique n’est pas une partie historique du monde. Elle n’a pas de mouvements, de développements à montrer. De mouvements historiques en elle. C’est-à-dire que sa partie septentrionale appartient au monde européen ou asiatique ; ce que nous entendons précisément par l’Afrique est l’esprit ahistorique, l’esprit non développé, encore enveloppé dans des conditions de naturel et qui doit être présenté ici seulement comme au seuil de l’Histoire du monde.» Coupland, dans son manuel sur l’Histoire de l’Afrique orientale, écrivait (en 1928, il est vrai) : «Jusqu’à D. Livingstone, on peut dire que l’Afrique proprement dite n’avait pas eu d’histoire. La majorité de ses habitants étaient restés, durant des temps immémoriaux, plongés dans la barbarie. Tel avait été, semble-t-il, le décret de la nature. Ils demeuraient stagnants, sans avancer ni reculer.»&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;«Donc, deux races humaines habitant l’Afrique ont seules joué un rôle efficient dans l’histoire universelle : en premier lieu et d’une façon considérable, les Egyptiens, puis les peuples du Nord de l’Afrique». En 1957, c’est P. Gaxotte qui écrit sans broncher dans la Revue de Paris : «Ces peuples (vous voyez de qui il s’agit..) n’ont rien donné à l’humanité ; et il faut bien que quelque chose en eux les en ait empêchés. Ils n’ont rien produit, ni Euclide, ni Aristote, ni Galilée, ni Lavoisier, ni Pasteur. Leurs épopées n’ont été chantées par aucun Homère.»&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"(...)Un grand historien comme Charles-André Julien, va jusqu’à intituler un paragraphe de son ouvrage sur l’Histoire de l’Afrique «L’Afrique, pays sans Histoire», dans lequel il écrit : «L’Afrique Noire, la véritable Afrique, se dérobe à l’Histoire.»(2)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Voilà pour les fondements du discours prononcé le 22 juillet 2007, à l’université de Dakar par le président français Nicolas Sarkozy. Morceaux choisis : «Le drame de l’Afrique, c’est que l’homme africain n’est pas assez entré dans l’histoire. Le paysan africain qui, depuis des millénaires, vit avec les saisons, dont l’idéal de vie est d’être en harmonie avec la nature, ne connaît que l’éternel recommencement du temps rythmé par la répétition sans fin des mêmes gestes et des mêmes paroles. Dans cet imaginaire où tout recommence toujours, il n’y a de place ni pour l’aventure humaine, ni pour l’idée de progrès. (...) Dans cet univers où la nature commande tout, l’homme échappe à l’angoisse de l’histoire qui tenaille l’homme moderne mais l’homme reste immobile au milieu d’un ordre immuable où tout semble être écrit d’avance. Jamais l’homme ne s’élance vers l’avenir. Jamais il ne lui vient à l’idée de sortir de la répétition pour s’inventer un destin.»&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pendant qu’à Accra, Obama exhortait les parlementaires ghanéens a persévérer sur le chemin des réformes démocratiques, de l’Etat de droit et de la bonne gouvernance, à Brazzaville, au Congo, une élection contestée d’avance par l’opposition la plus représentative était sur le point d’accoucher d’un mal élu. Sarkozy se murait dans un silence coupable sur une telle parodie de la présidentielle que M.Sassou Nguesso s’apprêtait à organiser et remporter au Congo. Pourtant, les populations du Congo auraient voulu avoir le soutien du président français qui avait lui-même promis pendant la campagne électorale française une rupture de la politique française en Afrique.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour Emmanuel Semanou, responsable de Survie 13, la Francafrique est toujours présente malgré les promesses du candidat Sarkozy d’y mettre fin. Ecoutons-le répondre à la question de savoir si la Francafrique est un mythe dépassé, il répond : «Pas du tout. C’est encore une réalité aujourd’hui dans toute l’Afrique de l’Ouest. J’en veux pour preuve la très importante présence militaire française dans de nombreux pays d’Afrique. Mais au-delà, songez que la monnaie de 15 pays d’Afrique s’appelle le ´´franc CFA´´, qui voulait dire ´´franc des Colonies françaises d’Afrique´´. Il faut savoir que c’est la Banque de France qui détermine la parité de ces monnaies avec l’euro. Toutes les banques privées de l’Afrique francophone sont des filiales des banques françaises, les banques nationales sont étroitement liées à la Banque de France, qui prélève une part importante, entre 50% et 65% des revenus générés par les placements d’État. (...) Il y a toute une génération de dirigeants africains liés à Paris, qui ont fait du mal à leurs peuples et qui ont empêché la création d’une vraie Unité africaine, contraire aux intérêts de la France.(...) Je dirai que les entreprises chinoises prennent ce que la France a accepté de leur laisser, notamment dans le secteur du bâtiment et des travaux publics. La France s’est concentrée sur ses intérêts stratégiques, le pétrole, l’uranium...Au Niger, Areva n’a laissé que des miettes aux Chinois qui exploitent l’uranium.»(3)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Un plaidoyer lumineux de Achille Mbembe permet de comprendre la mécanique coloniale et l’assujetissement des élites françaises de tout bord à la nostalgie de l’empire. Ecoutons-le : «Dans sa ´´franchise´´ et sa ´´sincérité´´, Nicolas Sarkozy révèle au grand jour ce qui, jusqu’à présent, relevait du non-dit..(...) Ainsi, pour s’adresser à ´´l’élite de la jeunesse africaine´´, Henri Guaino se contente de reprendre, presque mot à mot, des passages du chapitre consacré par Hegel à l’Afrique dans son ouvrage La Raison dans l’histoire - et dont j’ai fait, récemment encore et après bien d’autres, une longue critique dans mon livre De la postcolonie (pp. 221-230). Selon Hegel, en effet, l’Afrique est le pays de la substance immobile et du désordre éblouissant, joyeux et tragique de la création. Les nègres, tels nous les voyons aujourd’hui, tels ils ont toujours été. Dans l’immense énergie de l’arbitraire naturel qui les domine, ni le moment moral, ni les idées de liberté, de justice et de progrès n’ont aucune place ni statut particulier.»(4)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;«À côté de Hegel existe un deuxième fonds que recyclent sans complexe les ´´nouvelles élites françaises´´. Cet amas de préjugés, Lévy Brühl tenta d’en faire un système dans ses considérations sur ´´la mentalité primitive´´ ou encore ´´prélogique´´. Dans un ensemble d’essais concernant les ´´sociétés inférieures´´ (Les Fonctions mentales en 1910 ; puis La Mentalité primitive en 1921), il s’acharnera à donner une caution pseudo-scientifique à la distinction entre ´´l’homme occidental´´ doué de raison et les peuples et races non-occidentaux enfermés dans le cycle de la répétition et du temps mythico-cyclique. (...)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(…) Il y a aussi le legs des expositions coloniales, la tradition des zoos humains analysée par Pascal Blanchard et ses collègues, et celle des récits de voyage les uns toujours plus fantastiques que les autres. C’est tout cela qui nourrit à son tour un habitus raciste, souvent inconscient, qui est ensuite repris par la culture de masse à travers les films, la publicité, les bandes dessinées, la peinture, la photographie, et, conséquence logique, la politique ´´Y’a bon banania´´ et ´´Mon z’ami toi quoi y’en a´´.»(4)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;« (...) Comment peut-on se présenter à l’université Cheikh Anta-Diop de Dakar au début du XXIe siècle et s’adresser à l’élite intellectuelle comme si l’Afrique n’avait pas de tradition critique propre et comme si Senghor et Camara Laye, chantres respectifs de l’émotion nègre et du royaume de l’enfance, n’avaient pas fait l’objet de vigoureuses réfutations internes?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(...) Quant à l’antienne sur la colonisation et le refus de la ´´repentance´´, voilà qui sort tout droit des spéculations de Pascal Bruckner, Alain Finkielkraut et autres Daniel Lefeuvre. Mais à qui fera-t-on croire qu’il n’existe pas de responsabilité morale pour des actes perpétrés par un État au long de son histoire? À qui fera-t-on croire que pour créer un monde humain, il faut évacuer la morale et l’éthique par la fenêtre puisque dans ce monde, il n’existe ni justice des plaintes, ni justice des causes? Afin de dédouaner un système inique, la tentation est aujourd’hui de réécrire l’histoire de la France et de son empire en en faisant une histoire de la ´´pacification´´, de ´´la mise en valeur de territoires vacants et sans maîtres´´, de la ´´diffusion de l’enseignement´´, de la ´´fondation d’une médecine moderne´´, de la mise en place d’infrastructures routières et ferroviaires. (..) »&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;« Si donc la France veut jouer un rôle positif dans l’avènement de ce monde commun, il faut qu’elle renonce à ses préjugés. Il faut que ses nouvelles élites opèrent le difficile travail intellectuel sans lequel les proclamations politiciennes d’amitié n’auront aucun sens. On ne peut pas, comme à Dakar, parler à l’ami sans s’adresser à lui. Etre capable d’amitié, c’est, comme le soulignait Jacques Derrida, savoir honorer en son ami l’ennemi qu’il peut être Pour l’heure, et s’agissant de l’Afrique, il manque tout simplement à la France le crédit moral qui lui permettrait de parler avec certitude et autorité.»(4)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dans son discours d’Accra, Obama fustige les dictateurs africains qui modifient notamment leurs Constitutions, pour se maintenir au pouvoir. Pendant ce temps, le président français, lui, les reçoit en grande pompe ou, leur rend visite sans vergogne. Obama a appelé l’Afrique à prendre en main son propre destin en combattant les pratiques antidémocratiques, les conflits et la maladie et en l’assurant du soutien américain dans cette vaste entreprise. Barack Obama a ravivé le slogan de sa campagne électorale : ´´Yes, you can´´. M.Obama a expliqué qu’il y a cinquante ans, quand son père a quitté Nairobi pour étudier aux Etats-Unis, le Kenya avait un PNB par habitant supérieur à celui de la Corée du Sud. ´´On a parlé d’héritage du colonialisme et d’autres politiques mises en place par les pays riches. Sans vouloir minimiser ce facteur, mon propos est de dire que la Corée du Sud, en travaillant avec le secteur privé et la société civile, a réussi à mettre en place des institutions qui ont garanti la transparence et la responsabilité.´´ Alors que dans beaucoup de pays d’Afrique, ´´si vous voulez avoir un job ou créer une entreprise, vous devez payer des pots-de-vin´´. ´´Une partie de ce qui a empêché l’Afrique d’avancer est que, pendant des années, on a dit que c’était la conséquence du néocolonialisme, ou de l’oppression occidentale, ou du racisme... Je ne crois pas beaucoup aux excuses, a-t-il dit dans son entretien à Allafrica.com. Les cartes coloniales qui ont été tracées ont favorisé les conflits, mais nous sommes en 2009. L’Occident et les Etats-Unis ne sont pas responsables de la situation de l’économie du Zimbabwe depuis quinze ou vingt ans.´´»&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Theophile Kouamou s’interroge si les deux interventions sont-elles radicalement opposées? Non, pas vraiment, dit-il. Les thématiques se rejoignent à plusieurs reprises. Sarkozy affirme : «L’Afrique a sa part de responsabilité dans son propre malheur.» Obama dit : «Dans de nombreux endroits, l’espoir de la génération de mon père a cédé le pas au cynisme, souvent au désespoir. Il est facile de pointer du doigt les autres et de les blâmer pour ces problèmes.» Barack et Sarko s’adressent tous les deux à la jeunesse africaine, à qui il revient de relever les défis de demain. Et pourtant, ses propos ont été perçus de manière très positive sur le continent, alors que ceux du président français ont suscité une polémique. (...) Obama, président d’une Amérique qui sait faire rêver comme aucune grande puissance, est «un enfant du pays». Son histoire et l’histoire de sa famille font qu’il est difficile de faire peser sur lui le passé impérialiste que partagent la France et les Etats-Unis...«Obama est, lui aussi, dépositaire des souffrances de l’Afrique, ce qui n’est pas le cas d’un Nicolas Sarkozy, qui a longtemps été vu comme l’ex-ministre préposé à l’expulsion des étrangers.»&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;«De plus, alors que Sarkozy à Dakar n’a pas su rompre avec la rhétorique du clivage et de l’affrontement, qu’il affectionne tant, et s’est posé en grand professeur qui sait tout -disant à plusieurs reprises "le problème de l’Afrique, c’est que..."-, Obama a su utiliser l’art de la nuance, dénonçant l’Afrique de la honte pour mieux mettre en valeur, à travers de nombreux exemples, l’autre Afrique. Chez Sarkozy, il s’agit du "paysan africain, qui, depuis des millénaires, vit avec les saisons, dont l’idéal de vie est d’être en harmonie avec la nature", et qui ne connaît que l’éternel recommencement du temps rythmé par la répétition sans fin des mêmes gestes et des mêmes paroles.» Obama, lui, évoque les «braves Africains» qui sont du bon côté de l’histoire : le pouvoir et l’opposition ghanéens qui cohabitent harmonieusement, des policiers incorruptibles, des membres de la société civile engagés dans la fin des violences électorales au Kenya, etc. En bon «storyteller», Obama raconte, dans une sorte de roman d’anticipation, l’histoire d’une renaissance dont les Africains sont les héros.(5)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En définitive, seul le ton est différent, l’Afrique attend les sauveurs qui lui permettront de tordre le coup à une doxa qui dure pratiquement le temps du Code Noir...Ce que nous avons pointé du doigt dans notre ouvrage : L’Occident à la conquête du monde.(6)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.Hegel Leçons sur la philosophie de l’histoire, 1830&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.Joseph Ki-Zerbo http://www.refer.sn/ethiopiques/article.php3?id_article=507 &amp;artsuite=1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.Emmanuel Semanou, Le néocolonialisme mène au rejet de la France 5 juillet : Mlle babords&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.Achille Mbembe http://www.africultures.com/php/index.php?nav=article&amp;no=6784&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.Théophile Kouamou : De Sarkozy ou Obama, à l’Afrique? Rue 89 13/07/2009&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.Chems Eddine Chitour : L’Occident à la conquête du monde.Editions. Enag 2009&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pr Chems Eddine Chitour&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ecole Polytechnique Alger&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-2967599919631445306?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/2967599919631445306/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=2967599919631445306' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/2967599919631445306'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/2967599919631445306'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/07/obama-sarkozy-et-lafrique-un-constat-et.html' title='Obama, Sarkozy et l’Afrique : Un constat et deux approches différentes'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmHJup-rPxI/AAAAAAAAC8E/yjFtH7juGeA/s72-c/husenbarakobama.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-18919381966089166</id><published>2009-07-18T05:51:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-18T05:54:24.006-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='http://diasporasaharaui.blogspot.com'/><title type='text'>Le mouvement amazigh et le Sahara Occidental</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmHF8vS7X2I/AAAAAAAAC70/ERAuvbw8tec/s1600-h/libert_a_chakib_khyari.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 144px; height: 200px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmHF8vS7X2I/AAAAAAAAC70/ERAuvbw8tec/s200/libert_a_chakib_khyari.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5359782678826278754" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il y a quelques jours, nous avons contacté un militant du Rif pour lui demander d'exprimer son opinion sur le sujet du Sahara Occidental dans son blog. Sa réponse fut la suivante : "En tant qu'Amazighs et tous les marocains mécontents , nous devons beaucoup au Polisario dans la mesure où c'est grâce à lui que le Maroc propose l'autonomie du Sahara sous la souveraineté marocaine et le mouvement amazigh va , tôt ou tard , si ce n'est déjà fait , je pense ici au mouvement autonome du Rif, exiger sa généralisation dans le pays , ce qui favorisera le développement de notre langue et culture et la prise en chage de nos régions respectives dans un Etat de droit.L'histoire vous reconnaitra cette victoire qui profite pour l'ensemble des marocains (...) Mais force est de constater que la reconnaissance de la langue et de la culture amazighes et la proposition de l'autonomie du Sahara sont des choses impossibles à envisager sous le régne de Hassan II : c'est un grand pas vers le Maroc dont nous rêvons tous et nous espérons que d'autres actions plus avantageuses seront bientôt entreprises.J'attends avec impatience le discours de la Fête du Trône fin juillet 2009 dans l'immédiat."&lt;br /&gt;La première fois dans son histoique le mouvement amazigh fait référence dans ses débats, et souligne, même en des termes pas très clairs, qu’il s’oppose à la constitution d’un Etat propre au Polisario. Le mouvement amazighe le fait, non pas parce qu’il défend l’unité territoriale, mais parce qu’il défend l’unité de "tamazgha" (zone d’habitation des berbères). Une trentaine d’associations amazighes marocaines, le Congrès Mondial Amazigh, présidé par l’algérien Lounèss Belkacem, des associations installées en Europe ont soulevé cette question lors d’un débat à propos de la transition démocratique, organisé du 16 au 18 février 2006 à Al Hoceima... Les participants se sont prononcés contre l’installation d’un Etat autonome au sud du Maroc. Le premier argument mis en avant par ces amazighes c’est que le Polisario veut installer une république arabe (RASD).&lt;br /&gt;En avril 2007, me gouvernement marocain présentait son plan d'autonomie pour le Sahara. L'annonce est immédiatement exploitée par des militants associatifs amazighespour mettre la réclamation de l’autonomie du Rif au devant de la scène. "Le mouvement culturel amazighe dans le Nord du Maroc réclame l’autonomie pour le Rif". C’est là l’appel écrit en gros caractères que comportait une banderole brandie le 1er mai 2007 dans la plus grande artère de la ville de Nador par des jeunes qui défilaient aux côtés des travailleurs affiliés à l’UMT. Cet acte revendicatif est le premier du genre dans cette région. Ses revendications se résument à :&lt;br /&gt;Article 1. Le plan du Maroc pour un statut d’autonomie pour la région du Sahara, tel que remis aux Nations Unies pour servir de base de négociation, est une initiative sérieuse et louable à même de permettre de répondre aux aspirations légitimes des populations concernées qui pourront concrétiser leur droit à la libre et authentique autodétermination.&lt;br /&gt;Article 2. L’autonomie des régions, au Maroc, est à même de renforcer l’unité et l’intégrité territoriale du Maroc par le recouvrement de ses frontières authentiques.&lt;br /&gt;Article 3. En cas d’échec des négociations avec l’Algérie et le Polisario, le Maroc doit sans tarder, en toute souveraineté, décider de mettre en place l’autonomie des régions sur l’ensemble du territoire national.&lt;br /&gt;Article 4. L’option d’autonomie ne doit en aucun cas être comprise comme la réponse politique de conjoncture à un problème précis, en l’occurrence celui du Sahara. Le choix de l’autonomie des régions provient de la conviction qu’il s’agit là d’un instrument juridique et politique à même de répondre aux contraintes du sous-développement, de l’exclusion, de la marginalisation, de la pauvreté et de l’ignorance, ainsi qu’aux aspirations des populations à une vie meilleure et au plein exercice des principes démocratiques.&lt;br /&gt;Pour la concrétisation du principe de l’autonomie des régions du Maroc, le peuple marocain doit être appelé à voter par voie de référendum pour l’insertion de l’autonomie des régions dans la constitution marocaine.&lt;br /&gt;Article 6. Le Grand Rif, dans le sens géographique du terme, depuis l’Atlantique jusqu’aux frontières avec l’Algérie doit bénéficier d’un statut d’autonomie en rapport avec ses spécificités historiques, géographiques, linguistiques et culturelles, et en rapport avec les contraintes qu’il subit depuis l’indépendance du Maroc ainsi que les aspirations légitimes de ses populations.&lt;br /&gt;Article 7. Afin de sortir le Rif du sous-développement, il est urgent de définir et exécuter un plan d’urgence de reconstruction et de mise à niveau économique, sociale et culturelle. Ce plan d’urgence pour la reconstruction et le développement, dont l’idée avait été exprimée par le souverain en mars 2004 n’a toujours pas vu le jour.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Leur requête est jugée inadmissible. Chakib El Khyari, président de l’association du Rif pour la défense des Droits de l’Homme s’attaque aux jeunes qui ont brandi la banderole à Nador. Il qualifie leur revendication d’inadmissible. "Ce n’est vraiment pas sérieux que la réclamation de l’autonomie pour le Rif tombe au même moment où l’on parle d’autonomie du Sahara », regrette-t-il. Et d’ajouter : « C’est là à l’évidence du chantage". El Khyari précise qu’il n’est pas du tout de l’intérêt du Rif de demander, même dans le cadre d’une régionalisation, une gestion autonome de ses affaires. "La région manque encore de tout", insiste-t-il. De nombreux Rifains estimaient que la demande d’autonomie dans les circonstances actuelles n’est qu’un coup d’épée dans l’eau de la part de jeunes excités.&lt;br /&gt;Les extrémistes du MCA se disent contre "la création d’une entité panarabe raciste et fasciste sur un territoire amazigh et combattra le Polisario et le makhzen si ce dernier complote contre les intérêts légitimes et historiques du Maroc sur ce territoire qui est le Sahara dit occidental. Les soient disant étudiants sahraouis sont des marocains, ils doivent servir les intérêts du Maroc. Ceux qui pensent être des séparatistes doivent quitter le Maroc et rejoindre le Polisario aux camps de Tindouf. Ils doivent réclamer leur droit de partir à Tindouf et les autorités actuelles du Maroc doivent les refouler après avertissement de leurs familles. Tous ceux qui complotent contre le Maroc doivent le quitter et rejoindre l’Etat fantoche de la RASD créé à Tindouf. Le Sahara est un territoire amazigh et si les petits arabes de ben Maaqil veulent créer un Etat arabe raciste ils n’ont qu’à revenir chez eux dans la péninsule arabique. Le Maroc est un pays amazigh dont les frontières s’étendent de la méditerranée jusqu’au fleuve Sénégal. Le pouvoir actuel à Rabat doit agir avec force contre les étudiants séparatistes qui doivent être refoulés à l’enfer de Tindouf. Sinon le MCA ne cessera jamais de les combattre."&lt;br /&gt;Le plan d'autonomie marocain n'était qu'une manoeuvre dilatoire et une façade pour amener la communauté internationale à reconnaître la souveraineté du Maroc sur le territoire sahraoui. Deux ans après, personne n'ignore que ce plan a échoué après le départ de Bush, et avec lui, le fonctionnaire onusien Peter Van Walsum et le retour de l'instance onusienne au principe sacré du droit à l'autodétermination. A la fin du mois de juillet, auront lieu les premiers contacts informels entre marocains et sahraouis. L'Etat sahraoui indépendant n''est plus qu'une question de temps. L'autonomie recherché par les amazighs n'était qu'un mensonge dont on ne parle plus. Le rêve amazigh d'autonomie après le Sahara s'est dissipé dans les montagnes de Nador. Ils ont sacrifié les aspirations du peuple sahraoui pour s'aligner à côté de son oppresseur dont le but de "profiter" de cet alléchant cadeau appelé autonomie. Chakib Khayari a fait confiance à Mohamed VI. Actuellement, il paie sa faute avec trois ans de prison et une amende de 753.930 DH (soit 68000 €)&lt;br /&gt;La question d'or est : Que feront les militants amazighs maintenant que l'autonomie n'est qu'un mirage qui s'est dissipé au désert du Sahara Occidental? Demander l'indépendance? C'était pourtant le rêve de leur brave ancêtre, Abdelkrim Khattabi. Après la victoire spectaculaire d’Anoual, 21 juin 1921, Abd el-Krim renforça son pouvoir en créant un Etat, la République du Rif, avec un gouvernement et une administration centralisée. Cette question est restée taboue dans le Maroc d'aujourd'hui. Feu Mohamed V avais donné son approbation à l'intervention des français pour appuyer les espagnols qui etaient mis en échec. Lors de la réintégration du Maroc espagnol à l'indépendance, des soulèvements eurent lieu au motif de revendications républicaines et démocratiques qui furent atrocement réprimées.&lt;br /&gt;Le combate d'Abdelkrim a été porté comme exemple par les combattants vietnamiens et malgaches et tous les mouvements de libération des années 60 et se sont inspirés de ses méthodes de guerrilla. Partout dans le monde, on a suivi son exemple, sauf dans son fief, dans les montagnes du Rif. Les militants amazighs n'ont pas embrassé l'esprit d'Abdelkrim et se sont allignés avec le régime de MOhamed VI en oubliant ce que son père fait à leur ancêtres.&lt;br /&gt;Le peuple sahraoui sera toujours solidaire de ses frères Rifains qui sont les premiers à avoir connu le vrai visage de la monarchie marocaine bien avant les sahraouis.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-18919381966089166?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/18919381966089166/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=18919381966089166' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/18919381966089166'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/18919381966089166'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/07/le-mouvement-amazigh-et-le-sahara.html' title='Le mouvement amazigh et le Sahara Occidental'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmHF8vS7X2I/AAAAAAAAC70/ERAuvbw8tec/s72-c/libert_a_chakib_khyari.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-1330467909845899291</id><published>2009-07-18T05:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-18T05:51:10.883-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='http://diasporasaharaui.blogspot.com'/><title type='text'>Frontrières fermées, meilleure réponse à l'arrogance marocaine</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmHFNe_qiZI/AAAAAAAAC7s/15UmelM_hBA/s1600-h/Ful_e_sans_feu.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 196px; height: 200px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmHFNe_qiZI/AAAAAAAAC7s/15UmelM_hBA/s200/Ful_e_sans_feu.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5359781866996664722" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Depuis le discours de Mohamed VI, il y a un an, le Maroc a fait de la réouverture des frontières terrestres entre le royaume chérifien et l'Algérie son cheval de bataille. Depuis, les initiatives se sont multipliées en vue d'amener le gouvernement algérien à modifier sa position sur ce point si sensible pour la sécurité de l'Algérie. En plus des multiples déclarations des responsables marocains, des prétendues personnalités européennes, algériennes et marocaines ont signé sur le site maroc-algerie.com une pétition demandant la réouverture de la frontière entre les deux pays, fermée depuis 1994. Lancé à l’initiative d’un « collectif citoyen et populaire » animé par le Marocain Abdelrhani Bensaïd, cet appel entend contribuer à l’édification d’un « Maghreb unifié, prospère et prometteur pour les générations futures ». Le collectif s’est par ailleurs engagé à ne pas aborder les « sujets qui fâchent », comme le dossier du Sahara Occidental. Inutile de dire que derrière ce projet se trouve le palais de Rabat.&lt;br /&gt;L’Algérie a fermé ses frontières terrestres avec le Maroc au cours de l’été 1994 après que les autorités marocaines aient imputé aux renseignements algériens la responsabilité de l’attaque contre un hôtel à Marrakech, imposant un visa aux ressortissants algériens et appelant les Algériens qui étaient en visite au Maroc de quitter le territoire marocain dans les 48 heures, ce qu’Alger a considéré comme accusations fallacieuses et atteinte délibérée à sa réputation. L’Algérie pose la question d’ouverture des frontières demandée par le Maroc, comme un point de tout un agenda en vue de régler l'ensemble des problèmes en suspens entre les deux pays, dont l’affaire du Sahara Occidental. Les propos des responsables algériens ont été catégoriques : « Pas d’ouverture tant qu’il n’ y pas une action commune sur la lutte antiterroriste, l’immigration clandestine et le trafic de drogue ».&lt;br /&gt;Immédiatement après la tournée du Représentant Spécial, Christopher Ross, le ministre des Affaires Etrangères marocain, Fassi Fihri, s'est rendu en France pour demander le soutien de l'Ellysée et réclamer que l'ouverture des frontières soit considérée comme une mesure de confiance ayant tendance à préparer la réussite des prochains pourparlers à Vienne. Ainsi, le député socialiste et membre de la Commission des Affaires étrangères à l'Assemblée Nationale française, Jean-Michel Boucheron, a souligné «l'identité de vues entre l'immense majorité des députés français et le Maroc» sur la question du Sahara. Dans une déclaration similaire, le député du Mouvement pour la France (MPF), M. Souchet a "déploré l'attitude de l'Algérie de maintenir fermées ses frontières avec le Maroc, d'une manière unilatérale, et de refuser tout dialogue au niveau ministériel dans tous les domaines" avec le Royaume.&lt;br /&gt;La Conférence des Nations unies sur le commerce et le développement(CNUCED), qui vient de se réunir à Beyrouth, a constitué une occasion pour Omar Hillal, ambassadeur et représentant permanent du Maroc auprès du bureau des Nations-Unies à Genève, pour réitérer que "la fermeture des frontières va à l’encontre du processus d’intégration régionale qui constitue un choix stratégique pour le Maroc".&lt;br /&gt;D'autre part, dans le point de presse du porte-parole du Secrétaire Général des NNUU, organisé le 15 juillet, un journaliste a demandé si Ban Ki-moon était déçu que les frontières entre le Maroc et l'Algérie n'ont pas été ouvertes comme on s'y attendait en tant qu'élément pour bâtir la confiance entre les parties.&lt;br /&gt;De toute cette agitation, l'on peut déduire que le Maroc cherche à faire croire aux responsables onusiens que la question des frontières est un premier pas pour la construction de la paix et ainsi amener le gouvernement algérien à changer d'attitude dans cette question cruciale pour l'économie marocaine qui traverse, actuellement, une mauvaise passe. Seulement, il suffit de voir ce que les Sahraouis subissent à El Aaiun, à Smara, à Dakhla, et les militants marocains à Sidi Ifni, Nador, Oujda, pour se rendre compte que le Maroc ne cherche pas à créer un climat de confiance avec les voisins. Il suffit de lire la presse marocaine, Le Matin en particulier, le journal du Palais, pour voir comment le gouvernement marocain sème la haine dans les esprits du peuple marocain et la propage sur la toile du net, sur les forum, entre les journaux.... Les commentaires laissés par les internautes marocains sur les articles pro-sahraouis sont tout simplement écœurants. On dirait que ce n'est pas un citoyen qui parle, mais un tortionnaire des forces de répression marocaines. Une ambiance qui ne laisse aucun doute sur l'impossibilité de connivence pacifique entre les deux peuples sahraoui et marocain au sein d'un même Etat. Et puis, comment peut-on vivre avec quelqu'un qui a tué votre père, votre mère ou votre frère? Il n'y a pas un seul citoyen sahraoui qui n'a pas perdu quelqu'un de sa famille dans la longue guerre d'extermination conduite par Rabat.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-1330467909845899291?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/1330467909845899291/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=1330467909845899291' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/1330467909845899291'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/1330467909845899291'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/07/frontrieres-fermees-meilleure-reponse.html' title='Frontrières fermées, meilleure réponse à l&apos;arrogance marocaine'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmHFNe_qiZI/AAAAAAAAC7s/15UmelM_hBA/s72-c/Ful_e_sans_feu.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-3070189282042729996</id><published>2009-07-18T05:05:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-18T05:45:21.747-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='http://diasporasaharaui.blogspot.com/'/><title type='text'>Barack Obama se pronuncia sobre el Sahara Occidental</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmHDlvxBrfI/AAAAAAAAC7k/VKSjcA4Cfg0/s1600-h/help.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 156px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmHDlvxBrfI/AAAAAAAAC7k/VKSjcA4Cfg0/s200/help.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5359780084792274418" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Barack Obama se pronunció sobre el conflicto del Sahara Occidental&lt;br /&gt;El présidente americano formuló su esperanza de ver a Ross llegar a una solución en el Sahara Occidental&lt;br /&gt;¿ Deberiamos creer que los Estados Unidos están decididos a implicarse para un arreglo rápido del conflicto saharaui? Es, por lo menos, lo que hace pensar el contenido del mensaje de Barack Obama a Mohammed VI, en la cual puso en evidencia los sufrimientos soportados por las poblaciones de la región a causa de este conflicto. Por primera vez, un presidente americano se interesa directamente por el conflicto del Sáhara Occidental Es un signo que no engaña sobre la inminencia de una solución.&lt;br /&gt;En respuesta a los varios mensajes que le envió el soberano marroquí, expresando sus preocupaciones sobre Jerusalén y el Sáhara Occidental, en especial, el presidente americano se expresó por primera vez sobre el conflicto saharaui en esta misiva. Hay que reconocer que es un hecho nuevo, porque la Casa Blanca siempre se había abstenido de hablar directamente de esta cuestión. De esta manera, Barack Obama emitió el deseo de que Christopher Ross"pueda promover un diálogo constructivo" para resolver el conflicto que enfrenta el Reino de Marruecos y el Frente Polisario.&lt;br /&gt;" Comparto su compromiso de que las negociaciones llevadas bajo los auspicios de las Naciones Unidas constituyen el marco apropiado que permite llegar a una solución mutuamente aceptable, y espero que Christopher Ross, un veterano de la diplomacia y gran conocedor de la región, pueda promover un diálogo constructivo entre las partes", escribió el inquilino de la Casa Blanca al monarca marroquí. El Representante Personal del Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas acaba, sin duda alguna, de beneficiarse de una carta suplementaria de primer orden en su difícil misión para la puesta en marcha de un proceso de paz en el Sáhara Occidental.&lt;br /&gt;En el mismo orden de ideas, Barack Obama añadirá: " realizo la importancia que reviste la cuestión del Sáhara Occidental para usted, su reino y todas las poblaciones que sufrieron a causa de este conflicto. " Lo interesante a sustraer de esta correspondencia del presidente americano, es su compromiso a trabajar con todas las partes para llegar a un arreglo del conflicto.&lt;br /&gt;De esto se deduce que la administración americana no tiene la intención de quedarse con los brazos cruzados ante de un conflicto que dura y que tiende más bien a enredarse desde hace más de 34 años, a pesar del alto el fuego concluido entre los dos beligerantes en 1991." Mi gobierno trabajará con el suyo y con otras partes de la región con el fin de llegar a una solución que responda a las necesidades de las poblaciones, en términos de gobernanza transparente, de confianza en el estado de derecho y de una administración de justicia equitativa ", subrayó Obama en su carta.&lt;br /&gt;A través de su mensaje, Obama corta con la política de su predecesor. La política exterior de los Estados Unidos esta resueltamente comprometida en la búsqueda de soluciones a los conflictos que minan y traban la paz en el mundo. En efecto, la correspondencia de Barack Obama subraya la importancia concedida al diálogo, como unico medio de alcanzar " una solución mutuamente aceptable ". En otros términos, ninguna parte debe imponerle nada a la otra. Recuérdese que después de su visita, la última semana, a la región, el enviado personal del Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas, Christopher Ross, se había declarado " optimista" en cuanto a la organización de un " primer encuentro informal " entre Marruecos y el Frente Polisario para discutir sobre el futuro del Sáhara Occidental.&lt;br /&gt;El enviado especial de Ban Ki-moon precisó el objeto de su segunda gira en la región. " Esta segunda gira en la región tiene por objeto la aplicación de la última resolución del Consejo de Seguridad, tomar nota del resultado obtenido hasta ahora del proceso de negociaciones y la preparación de las reuniones informales que el Consejo de Seguridad ratifico para preparar la quinta ronda de negociaciones. "&lt;br /&gt;Todas las condiciones parecen pues reunidas para esta ronda de negociaciones que debe celebrarse proximamente. Incluso España, antigua potencia colonizadora, que en el momento de su retirada del Sáhara Occidental en 1975, cedió a Marruecos los territorios que ocupaba, parece volver a la razón. Pues Moratinos acaba de afirmar, después de su reunion con Christopher Ross, que Espana apoya « una solucion politica juste, duradera y aceptada por las partes e, el marco de las resoluciones del Colnsejo de Seguridad .&lt;br /&gt;Un ambiente que tiende al optimismo pero que no puede dismular la aspereza de las negociaciones que vienen. El mensaje de Barack Obama a Mohammed VI que cae sin embargo en el momento oportuno, podría, no obstante, moderar la postura marroqui.&lt;br /&gt;Pero el hecho realmente importante que se puede relevar de esta carta del presidente americano, es que no hizo de ninguna manera referencia al proyecto de autonomía que Rabat quiere imponer al pueblo saharaui. Esto debería ser percibido como una señal de neutralidad por parte de Washington, dejando divisar un compromiso a favor del derecho internacional, el cual preconiza la aplicación del derecho a la autodeterminación para los territorios no autónomos, de los cuales forma parte el Sáhara Occidental, según la Cuarta Comisión de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, encargada de la descolonización.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-3070189282042729996?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/3070189282042729996/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=3070189282042729996' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/3070189282042729996'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/3070189282042729996'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/07/barack-obama-se-pronuncia-sobre-el.html' title='Barack Obama se pronuncia sobre el Sahara Occidental'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmHDlvxBrfI/AAAAAAAAC7k/VKSjcA4Cfg0/s72-c/help.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-4504865581960531493</id><published>2009-07-18T03:32:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-18T03:35:36.680-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ABC.es'/><title type='text'>Barack Obama y el Sahara Occidental</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmGlYgNsRJI/AAAAAAAAC5o/u8-vERqO2n8/s1600-h/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmGlYgNsRJI/AAAAAAAAC5o/u8-vERqO2n8/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5359746871930406034" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;CARLOS RUIZ MIGUEL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El Sahara Occidental nos importa porque, legalmente, España es su potencia administradora. Un muro con millones de minas divide este territorio rico en pesca y fosfatos. Marruecos se niega a firmar la Convención de Ottawa para eliminar estas armas. Marruecos ocupa la parte más rica del territorio. El Frente Polisario fundó la RASD que controla el resto.&lt;br /&gt;En 1975, Marruecos y Mauritania invadieron el territorio de concierto, iniciándose una guerra contra el Polisario. Parte de la población tuvo que huir refugiándose en Argelia. En 1990 y 1991, el Consejo de Seguridad aprobó un «Plan de Arreglo» que preveía un alto el fuego y el referéndum de autodeterminación que desde 1966 exige la ONU.&lt;br /&gt;Se inició la elaboración del censo. Marruecos bloqueó el proceso y en 1997 se designó a James Baker como enviado personal para desbloquear el conflicto, lo que consiguió con los Acuerdos de Houston de 1997 y los de 1999, aprobados por el Consejo de Seguridad.&lt;br /&gt;A partir de 2000, tras concluir la ONU el censo, Marruecos presionó para suspender el referéndum. Su alternativa eran nuevas negociaciones y una «solución política»: una supuesta autonomía excluyendo un referéndum en el que el pueblo saharaui pudiera elegir democráticamente entre esa opción y la independencia.&lt;br /&gt;El Consejo de Seguridad no aprobó este proyecto en 2001 y dijo en 2002 que toda «solución política» debía implicar autodeterminación.&lt;br /&gt;Baker advirtió que nuevas negociaciones entre las partes eran inútiles. La solución tendría que ser impuesta por la ONU. Esa solución (impulsada por USA y España) fue el «Plan Baker» que el Consejo de Seguridad calificó como «solución política óptima» y apoyó por unanimidad: primero, habría una autonomía controlada por la ONU; y después, un referéndum de autodeterminación con un censo favorable a Marruecos. Marruecos rechazó cualquier tipo de referéndum.&lt;br /&gt;El cambio de gobierno tras el 11-M hizo que Zapatero dejara de apoyar a Baker. También Bush dejó de apoyarle. Ambos respaldaron a Marruecos. Se abandonó el «Plan Baker», pero el conflicto seguía abierto. En 2007 ambas partes presentaron sendas propuestas de solución. Bush, Zapatero y Chirac apostaron por la propuesta marroquí: una supuesta autonomía sin garantías internacionales y sin que el pueblo saharaui eligiera democráticamente entre la misma y otras opciones. Se iniciaron negociaciones que han fracasado. La experiencia ha demostrado que Baker tenía razón.&lt;br /&gt;Obama llegó a la presidencia para aminorar las tensiones y acabar con los abusos de la última etapa de Bush. Su propuesta es apostar por la legalidad internacional y constitucional como medio de solución de los conflictos. El Sahara Occidental, un conflicto menor para EE.UU., se convierte así en la piedra de toque de una política exterior basada en este modelo.&lt;br /&gt;Nada de extraño tiene, por tanto, que Obama haya dejado de apoyar una propuesta, la de la llamada «autonomía» marroquí que, al negar al pueblo saharaui el derecho a elegir su destino entre diversas opciones, no sólo violaba el Derecho Internacional, sino que era antidemocrática y profundamente inmoral.&lt;br /&gt;Catedrático Derecho&lt;br /&gt;Constitucional&lt;br /&gt;U. de Santiago&lt;br /&gt;de Compostela&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-4504865581960531493?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/4504865581960531493/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=4504865581960531493' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/4504865581960531493'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/4504865581960531493'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/07/barack-obama-y-el-sahara-occidental.html' title='Barack Obama y el Sahara Occidental'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmGlYgNsRJI/AAAAAAAAC5o/u8-vERqO2n8/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-3172254367082566878</id><published>2009-07-18T03:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-18T03:32:03.236-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UPES'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Tim Kustusch'/><title type='text'>Obama’s new position on the Western Saharan conflict causes panic for Moroccans</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmGkm9Z-gAI/AAAAAAAAC5g/7_hR2A1S_mo/s1600-h/TimKustusch.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 180px; height: 143px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmGkm9Z-gAI/AAAAAAAAC5g/7_hR2A1S_mo/s200/TimKustusch.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5359746020773101570" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a letter published on July 3, 2009, by the Maghreb Arab Press Agency (the official media source of the Kingdom of Morocco), President Barack Obama wrote to King Mohamed VI on a variety of issues, including the 35-year-old conflict between Morocco and the Saharawis’ Polisario Front over the political future of the Western Sahara. The President’s statements – which made no mention of the previous Administration’s unofficial policy of support for the Kingdom’s 2007 autonomy proposal – have already caused panic and discord among the supporters of the Moroccan position.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While the President’s letter did not specifically endorse the Saharawis’ right to self-determination – the only legal solution to the conflict according to the United Nations’ Charter and countless resolutions, as well as a 1974 ruling by the International Court of Justice – his endorsement of UN-led negotiations as “the appropriate forum to achieve a mutually-agreed solution” marked a notable divergence from the policies of the previous Administration.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During former-President Bush’s tenure, while the Administration did not officially endorse either of the two sides to the conflict, many statements were made by U.S. State Department officials in favor of the Kingdom’s proposal on autonomy as the only realistic solution to the conflict.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Upon the publishing of President Obama’s letter, the Moroccan American community immediately interpreted his words as “a reversal of the American Administration’s position on the Western Sahara conflict”, according to an article posted on the Moroccan American Community board’s Web site.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The opinion piece, which was written by Hassan Masiky (a Moroccan who has lived and worked in Washington, DC, since 1991) accused a variety of unspecified “Moroccan American ‘organizations’” of overreacting to the President’s comments and showing their political incompetence in Washington.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“The recent flap over a fake ‘press article’ indicating a reversal of the American Administration’s position on the Western Sahara conflict has highlighted several deficiencies and shortcoming [sic] of some ‘leaders’ of the Moroccan American community in the United States,” argued Masiky. “This shows a lack of a political maturity.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Acknowledging recent missteps by the Moroccan lobby in the U.S., Masiky did not withhold his criticism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Some newly minted Moroccan American ‘organizations’ in the U.S. are still new to the field of political engagement and popular lobbying and need a lot more experience before reaching adulthood and attaining Washington political ripeness,” he bemoaned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Masiky went on to say that “the Moroccan [sic] must convince the American Administration to frame the Conflict [sic] as a Moroccan Algerian dispute first and foremost, linking efforts to secure the Western and Algerian Sahara to a resolution of the outstanding issues between Rabat and Algiers.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This statement was made despite the fact that the UN, the Saharawis, and the Kingdom of Morocco have officially recognized that the only two parties to the conflict are Morocco and the Polisario Front. Such has been the basis for the past 18 years of failed efforts to hold a referendum for the Saharawis and the past three years of UN-led negotiations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What is to be made of these comments made by advocates of Morocco’s position in the Western Saharan conflict? First, it is clear that there is still uncertainty about the new U.S. Administration’s position on the issue. The confusion and overreaction by the Moroccan advocates highlight this fact.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second, the Moroccan supporters’ willingness to consistently reframe the conflict has been made painfully apparent. While the Polisario Front has argued one consistent theme since 1975 – a free and fair referendum for the self-determination of the Saharawi people, as endorsed by the UN Security Council and General Assembly – Morocco has reached into its bottomless arsenal of arguments to try to win over the support of the powerful Western nations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the earliest years of the conflict, Morocco invaded and then defended the majority of the Western Sahara, claiming that historical religious ties inherently linked the territory to the monarchy (a claim rejected by the ICJ’s 1974 ruling). Over the next few decades, the Polisario Front was accused of being an organization of communists, socialists, or terrorists, depending on the international concerns of the United States at the time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now, as a number of policy-makers and think tanks in Washington have expressed interest in furthering regional cooperation in the North African Maghreb region (most notably, a report entitled “Why the Maghreb Matters” published by The Potomac Institute and bearing former-Secretary of State Madeline Albright’s name – supporters of the Moroccan position are trying to reframe the conflict as a dispute between Algeria and Morocco, the two powerhouses in the region.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While it is not the first time that the Moroccans have made this argument, the words of Masiky (one of the louder Moroccan voices in Washington on the Western Saharan issue) suggest that perhaps this misrepresentation of the conflict’s actors should be the focus of the Kingdom’s lobbying efforts in the U.S.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obama’s new position should not be reason for the Saharawis to celebrate – the relatively new U.S. President made no specific mention of their UN-backed right to self-determination. Nonetheless, the fact that he did endorse the UN-led negotiations and a mutually acceptable solution may signify that Rabat can no longer count on the United States’ support for its attempt to cling to the Western Sahara despite UN declarations against the status quo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As he has done with many of his statements to Israel, President Obama has again shown that he is willing to maintain the U.S.’s friendships and alliances without blindly allowing those friends and allies to violate international law and human rights norms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;President Obama arrived at the White House on a promise of rational decision-making and negotiation, rather than succumbing to the will of interest groups and powerful lobbyists in Washington. For the past three decades, Morocco’s far superior lobbying capabilities and funds have overshadowed the Saharawis’ attempts to gain support from the U.S. Congress and Presidency. If the new President is no longer impacted by those lobbying efforts, the Moroccan American supporters of their Kingdom’s position in the Western Saharan conflict may be right to panic.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The article by Hassan Masiky can be found at www.moroccoboard.com/viewpoint/68-hassan-massiki/582-flap-over-qnewsq-article-a-political-immaturity.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-3172254367082566878?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/3172254367082566878/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=3172254367082566878' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/3172254367082566878'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/3172254367082566878'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/07/obamas-new-position-on-western-saharan.html' title='Obama’s new position on the Western Saharan conflict causes panic for Moroccans'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SmGkm9Z-gAI/AAAAAAAAC5g/7_hR2A1S_mo/s72-c/TimKustusch.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-3168493238808314467</id><published>2009-07-16T03:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-16T03:08:59.711-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desde el Atlántico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><title type='text'>Farsa "yihadista": representación en Marruecos. Interrogantes.</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sl78CB_eVOI/AAAAAAAAC4I/nXFn9VB-eTI/s1600-h/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sl78CB_eVOI/AAAAAAAAC4I/nXFn9VB-eTI/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5358997718442071266" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La enésima fantasía pergeñada por la MAP (agencia oficial marroquí con malas relaciones con la verdad) acerca de la detención de una supuesta "célula yihadista" basada en España, ha sido recogida por todos los periódicos españoles. Alguno con palabras delirantes. Los mismos periódicos, por cierto que no han dedicado ni una sola línea a la gira del Enviado Personal del Secretario General de la ONU para el Sahara Occidental en la que ha hecho declaraciones importantes. ¿Qué hay de creíble en esta operación "anti-yihadista"? ¿Por qué ahora esta operación? Intento de respuesta.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El 26 de junio la agencia MAP publicaba "Desmantelamiento de una célula terrorista que operaba entre España y Marruecos (fuente policial)". Un despacho cuyo texto, en lo fundamental, fue reproducido de forma acrítica y fantasiosa por las agencias de prensa y periódicos españoles en general con los matices y excepciones que veremos. Este simple hecho es, en sí mismo, preocupante. Y lo es porque cualquiera que tenga un mínimo conocimiento de la trayectoria de la MAP sabe que esta agencia es el instrumento privilegiado para difundir las intoxicaciones, calumnias y mentiras de los departamentos de desinformación de los servicios secretos marroquíes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LA VERSIÓN DE LA MAP&lt;br /&gt;Esta es el relato que hace la MAP el día 26 de junio:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Una célula terrorista "Salafiya Yihadiya" que actuaba entre España y Marruecos ha sido desmantelada recientemente tras el arresto de cinco de sus miembros, se supo, hoy, de una fuente policial.&lt;br /&gt;    Esta célula está conducida por A.A, alias Abou Yassine, nacido en 1975 en Tetuán, residente en Sebta [O SEA, CEUTA], y ex detenido de la Salafiya Yihadiya, que ha sido condenado a dos años de prisión firme en el marco de la red terrorista, bautizada Ansar Al Mahdi, desmantelada en 2006, añadió la misma fuente.&lt;br /&gt;    Esta operación permitió la incautación de 3 vehículos matriculados en el presidio ocupado de Sebta [O SEA, LA CIUDAD ESPAÑOLA DE CEUTA], así como un importante lote de documentos y suportes audio de carácter islamista incitando al Yihad y legitimando las operaciones suicidas y la ejecución de rehenes detenidos por Al Qaida, precisó la misma fuente. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LAS VERSIONES DE LA PRENSA ESPAÑOLA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- El único medio que tenía informaciones propias, distintas de las transmitidas por la MAP, era un periódico de Ceuta: EL FARO DE CEUTA Y MELILLA. En su información, decía lo siguiente:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Los arrestados habían estado residiendo en Ceuta (tres de hecho son ceutíes) antes de ser detenidos tras cruzar la frontera del Tarajal. Es ahora, tras varias semanas de controles y detenciones, cuando el Ministerio de Interior de Rabat ha hecho pública la operación, pero sin aportar las identidades de los detenidos que se encontrarían ya en la prisión de Kenitra.&lt;br /&gt;    La intención, según la BNPJ, de este grupo era la de atentar en el norte de Marruecos haciendo uso de vehículos bomba. La colaboración de la Policía Nacional de Madrid ha sido importante a la hora de interceptar a los ahora detenidos.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    La Policía marroquí no aporta las identidades de los detenidos (salvo el cabecilla) ni tampoco se ha sabido si entre ellos podría encontrarse el joven Milud, vecino del Príncipe, que fue arrestado en plena frontera cuando conducía un coche que no era de su propiedad. Desde que se denunciara su desaparición, la familia no ha recibido información alguna de su paradero. La Delegación del Gobierno reconoció ayer a ‘El Faro’ no disponer de dato alguno sobre esta operación.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- La agencia EFE transmitió, poco menos que tal cual, sin el menor contraste o análisis crítico la "información" de la MAP. Esta versión fue reproducida por PUBLICO.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- El diario ABC, publicaba, el 27 de junio un artículo en página par, mitad inferior, titulado: Detenida en Marruecos una célula terrorista asentada en Ceuta, donde, entre otras cosas, se dice, con cierta prevención:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Las detenciones se han realizado en el entorno de bandas que controlan el tráfico de coches robados, de droga y de documentos falsos a uno y otro lado de la frontera y que, según Rabat, aprovecharían esta estructura para preparar también atentados.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- El diario LA RAZÓN, en página impar, mitad superior, publica el artículo "Cae en Marruecos una red islamista que también operaba en España". Recogemos de aquí dos frases llamativas:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    se le vincula [al supuesto jefe del supuesto grupo] a una estructura terrorista asentada en Suecia y a otros marroquíes que habrían pasado por campos de entrenamiento en Afganistán.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Fuentes antiterroristas descartaron que tuvieran como objetivo atentar en España.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- El diario LA VOZ DE GALICIA publica, en página impar, mitad superior, un artículo de su corresponsal David Alvarado "Marruecos desarticula un grupo terrorista que tenía base en Ceuta. Asegura que los cinco islamistas detenidos preparaban «inminentes atentados»". Destaquemos estos pasajes:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Las autoridades marroquíes confirmaron ayer la desarticulación de una trama terrorista que, operando entre España y Marruecos, preparaba «inminentes atentados» en el país magrebí.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Fuentes consultadas por La Voz aseguran que esta célula pretendía operar «únicamente» en Marruecos, ya que no hay constancia alguna de que sus miembros tuvieran como objetivo atentar en España o que estuvieran realizando en este país alguna actividad relacionada con el terrorismo&lt;br /&gt;    Sin embargo, otras fuentes apuntan a que la trama tenía intención de llevar a cabo sus primeras acciones en territorio marroquí para, posteriormente, desplazarse a España, donde dispondrían de infraestructura. Si bien en España no ha sido detenida ninguna persona ni se han encontrado armas o explosivos, estas fuentes aluden a «eventuales actuaciones terroristas a medio plazo» en la Península.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- En cuanto a EL PAÍS le dedica al asunto un artículo de Ignacio Cembrero de cuatro columnas enteras, con foto, de una página par con el título "Marruecos detiene a cinco ceutíes por integrar un 'comando' islamista". Los detenidos se habrían entrenado en Argelia para hacer estallar coches bomba" De todos los artículos publicados es, sin duda, el que hila más fino. Varios pasajes tienen interés en este artículo en los que voy a poner en negrita las palabras clave:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Marruecos ha desmantelado una supuesta célula terrorista integrada por cinco vecinos de Ceuta, cuatro de ellos españoles, que tenía la intención de perpetrar atentados en territorio marroquí, según informaron ayer fuentes del Ministerio del Interior en Rabat.&lt;br /&gt;    El quinteto terrorista proyectaba, según sospecha la policía marroquí, colocar coches bomba en lugares turísticos y ante edificios diplomáticos en Marruecos.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    De los interrogatorios de los cinco hombres se deduce que contaban con una decena de cómplices en Ceuta y la Península pero no proyectaban, aparentemente, atentar en España.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    La policía marroquí incautó a la célula tres vehículos con matrícula de Ceuta y abundante material audiovisual animando a la yihad (guerra santa) y legitimando las operaciones suicidas y la ejecución de rehenes, pero no encontró armas, explosivos ni detonadores. De ahí que parece difícil que pudieran poner en práctica los conocimientos adquiridos en Argelia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- El diario EL MUNDO es el que ofrece el, sin duda, más fantasioso y desconcertante relato de los hechos. De entrada, es, de todos los periódicos el que más cobertura da a la fantasía pergeñada en la MAP: cuatro columnas enteras de página impar. Del artículo firmado por Fernando Lázaro con el título "Desmantelada una célula islamista que operaba en Marruecos y España" . Un artículo, el de la versión de papel que ofrece importantes contrastes con la versión inicial, publicada en internet con el título "Desarticulan un grupo islamista que operaba en Marruecos y España".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En la primera versión (electrónica) del artículo se decía (destaco con negrita palabras clave):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    La operación permitió la captura de tres vehículos matriculados en Ceuta y de "un importante lote de documentos y de archivos de audio" de carácter islamista, que según la agencia MAP, legitimaban las operaciones suicida y la ejecución de rehenes por parte de Al Qaeda.&lt;br /&gt;    El jefe de esa presunta banda, que responde al seudónimo de Abu Yacine, nació en Tetuán en 1975 y ya había sido detenido en 2006&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pero en la versión de papel todas las precauciones iniciales desaparecen y el artículo al que el periodista presta su firma construye un relato que termina siendo el más alarmista de toda la prensa española. Tan alarmista que resulta extrañamente cercano a los relatos que hacen los de la ideología de la "amenaza yihadista". O sea, ciertas llamadas "fuentes antiterroristas" que esperemos que sean más fiables que las que informaron a Iñaki Gabilondo de la existencia de suicidas en el atentado del 11-M. Destaquemos algunos pasajes:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Era una célula en el más amplio sentido de la palabra, un comando islamista con las ideas muy claras en su cabeza. Actuaban tanto en Marruecos como en España y en su mente ya estaba cruzar el Rubicón de la violencia.&lt;br /&gt;    Pero sus expectativas quedaron cercenadas (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Esta célula tenía intención de llevar a cabo acciones terroristas en Marruecos 'a medio plazo', según explicaron fuentes de la investigación.&lt;br /&gt;    Y, posteriormente, regresar de nuevo a España, donde querían también llevar a cabo acciones violentas.&lt;br /&gt;    'Eran planes, intenciones, pero no hemos localizado datos concretos sobre actuaciones terroristas previstas en España de forma inminente', aclararon fuentes antiterroristas que confirmaron, no obstante que en los planes de los detenidos también estaba atentar en España.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Este grupo estuvo durante 2008 en Andalucía pergeñando actuaciones ilícitas en Marruecos. Pero durante su estancia española ya fueron detectados por los especialistas de terrorismo islamista de la Policía Nacional, que ya no les perdieron la pista.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Según estas fuentes, los detenidos preparaban atentados en Marruecos y tenían intención, posteriormente, de trasladarse a España y continuar sus actuaciones violentas. De hecho, ya contaban con una vivienda alquilada en una localidad andaluza.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Tres de los detenidos son españoles de origen marroquí&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Ahora se investiga el vínculo de esos detenidos con marroquíes radicales que estuvieron en Afganistán y con una posible célula radical asentada en Suecia, según explicaron las mismas fuentes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CONTRADICCIONES EN LA PRENSA&lt;br /&gt;1º. EL MUNDO, siguiendo el guión de la "amenaza yihadista", dice que el grupo detenido tenía intención de atentar en España.&lt;br /&gt;Pero las fuentes marroquíes (al fin y al cabo son las de la policía que detuvo a estos individuos) de LA VOZ DE GALICIA y de EL PAÍS, dicen que no tenían intención de atentar en España. ¿En qué quedamos: querían atentar en España sí o no?&lt;br /&gt;2º. Según "LA VOZ DE GALICIA" el grupo preparaba "inminentes atentados", pero según EL MUNDO y EL PAÍS eran "intenciones" "a medio plazo". ¿En qué quedamos: preparaban "inminentes atentados" o sólo tenían "intenciones" de atentar a "medio plazo"?&lt;br /&gt;3º. Según LA VOZ DE GALICIA y EL PAÍS al grupo no se le encontraron ni armas, ni explosivos ni detonadores. Pero según EL MUNDO "en su mente ya estaba cruzar el Rubicón de la violencia". ¿En qué quedamos: era un grupo ideológico o era un grupo armado?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;INFORMACIONES POSTERIORES&lt;br /&gt;Un periódico de Ceuta, con contacto directo con los implicados y sus familias, ofrece una versión de las cosas algo diferente. Leemos en El Faro de Ceuta y Melilla del 29 de junio:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    persiste el malestar entre colaboradores del servicio de inteligencia por la 'campaña mediática' que desde sectores promarroquíes se pretende hacer del golpe antiterrorista dado en Marruecos. La lectura es sencilla: se trataría de difundir la imagen de la ciudad como punto de residencia de terroristas que permanecen sin acoso policial español.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Tras publicitar el comunicado del Ministerio de Interior sobre la detención de la célula terrorista, Marruecos calla. Esto da pie al incremento de la rumorología, como la que está afectando directamente a la familia de Milud Layachi. Sus padres todavía desconocen en dónde está su hijo, no se ha informado oficialmente a la Delegación del Gobierno sobre su paradero (es ciudadano español), no ha tenido juicio ni acusación conocida, pero desde hace semanas se le encuadra en actividades radicales. Sus padres sostienen lo que siempre han defendido en sus conversaciones con 'El Faro': Milud es inocente. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;REFLEXIONES ADICIONALES&lt;br /&gt;1º. ¿Por qué si&lt;br /&gt;- tres de los detenidos tienen nacionalidad española,&lt;br /&gt;- fueron detectados por la Policía española&lt;br /&gt;- y estaban en España,&lt;br /&gt;no han sido detenidos en España?&lt;br /&gt;Mi hipótesis:&lt;br /&gt;- dados los "reveses" que estan sufriendo ante los tribunales españoles los que traman "tramas yihadistas" (y de los que se está dando cumplida cuenta en este blog), los diseñadores de la ideología de la "amenaza yihadista" han considerado que era mejor que fueran detenidos en un país como Marruecos donde la policía tiene una "eficacia" de sobra conocida. Un sistema aún más arbitrario que el de Guantánamo: la policía no tiene frenos para torturar a los detenidos y arrancarles confesiones de lo que sea; los tribunales hacen lo que diga y convenga al gobierno; y lo único que necesitan los de la "amenaza yihadista" es que algún tribunal (aunque sea de un país en el que no se respetan los derechos humanos) siga diciendo que existe una "amenaza yihadista".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2º. ¿Por qué la alusión a Suecia?&lt;br /&gt;Mi hipótesis:&lt;br /&gt;- Al sultán marroquí y a su corte les preocupa mucho que Suecia asuma la presidencia de la UE en el segundo semestre de 2009. Y les preocupa porque Suecia es el país de la UE más preocupado por las violaciones del Derecho Internacional que Marruecos está cometiendo en el Sahara Occidental. Un día antes de que la MAP anunciara este episodio "yihadista", el Observatorio por los Recursos Naturales del Sáhara Occidental, precisamente, publicó una carta al gobierno sueco invitándole a afrontar la abierta ilegalidad internacional del acuerdo pesquero de la UE con Marruecos, en cuya virtud se expolia el Sahara Occidental.&lt;br /&gt;La "desarticulación" de esta "célula" tendría cpmo objetivo "mostrar" a Suecia lo "diligente" que es Marruecos en la lucha contra el "terrorismo" y la conveniencia de apoyar a ese "diligente" gobierno.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CODA&lt;br /&gt;Mal, muy mal, pintan las cosas para los de la ideología de la "amenaza yihadista". Los tribunales españoles no se creen los cuentos y empiezan a escrutar las "tramas" que les presentan los "expertos" en "yihadismo" para averiguar si hay algo de verdad. Y el resultado es el previsible. Las "tramas" se deshacen como pompas de jabón.&lt;br /&gt;Menos mal que se llevan bien con Marruecos.&lt;br /&gt;Todo parece indicar que estamos ante otro "favor" estratégico que le debe el gobierno zp al sultán.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-3168493238808314467?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/3168493238808314467/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=3168493238808314467' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/3168493238808314467'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/3168493238808314467'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/07/farsa-yihadista-representacion-en.html' title='Farsa &quot;yihadista&quot;: representación en Marruecos. Interrogantes.'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sl78CB_eVOI/AAAAAAAAC4I/nXFn9VB-eTI/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-2572691801398782380</id><published>2009-07-16T03:01:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-16T03:04:30.921-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desde el Atlántico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><title type='text'>Obama apoya al Sahara Occidental: Marruecos intenta la desinformación</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sl77JJa95xI/AAAAAAAAC4A/1QVS_m7dNhA/s1600-h/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sl77JJa95xI/AAAAAAAAC4A/1QVS_m7dNhA/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5358996741183891218" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El cambio del último Bush a Obama se está notando en el Sahara Occidental ¡y cuanto! Creo que puedo presumir de ser el primero que ha venido advirtiendo del hecho. Las conclusiones que he expuesto aquí ya están siendo recogidas por la prensa especializada norteamericana. La reacción del majzén, como de costumbre, ha ido desde el intento de desacreditar a la mentira. Y, mientras tanto, sigue el extraño silencio de la prensa española de papel sobre la nueva orientación del conflicto del Sahara Occidental. Examen de los últimos desarrollos de la cuestión y prospectiva.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I. ANTECEDENTES: LO QUE SE HA DICHO EN ESTE BLOG&lt;br /&gt;En este blog vengo insistiendo en la importancia que para el Sahara Occidental podía tener y está teniendo la presencia de Obama en la presidencia de los USA. Recapitulemos:&lt;br /&gt;- Victoria de Obama: otra mala noticia para Mohamed VI (5-XI-2008)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    La victoria de Obama supone una nueva derrota para las pretensiones de Mohamed VI en el Sahara Occidental. Y es que el candidato del "majzén" era McCain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-USA-Marruecos: ¿Fin del programa "Sahara a cambio de torturas"?(4-II-2009)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    La cuestión que se suscita, por tanto, es la siguiente:&lt;br /&gt;    - si el apoyo de USA a Marruecos en el asunto del Sahara hubiese sido la contraprestración por las torturas que el país norteafricano practicase por cuenta de la CIA,&lt;br /&gt;    - y si, efectivamente, se cerrasen los centros de tortura y se pusiese fin a este programa de subcontratación de la tortura de la CIA en Marruecos,&lt;br /&gt;    - ¿qué ocurriría con la posición de USA en el asunto del Sahara Occidental?&lt;br /&gt;    La respuesta, pronto.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- El Sahara Occidental: piedra de toque para Obama (24-IV-2009)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Si realmente la administración Obama quiere cambiar el mundo haciendo que se respeten las reglas del juego, tiene una ocasión preciosa de demostrarlo en el asunto del Sahara Occidental. Es este un conflicto internacional menor, en comparación con otros problemas del mundo. Pero por eso mismo su valor es grande como piedra de toque.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Sahara Occidental: el cambio de Obama puede ser más de lo que parece (1-V-2009)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    el dato más importante es que la Administración Obama no ha apoyado la propuesta marroquí de "autonomía", a diferencia de lo que hizo la anterior administración Bush. En las declaraciones públicas de la embajadora norteamericana tras la aprobación de esta resolución no ha habido NINGUNA alusión al plan marroquí. Lo cual contrasta con lo ocurrido hace un año, cuando tras la aprobación de la resolución 1813, el embajador norteamericano sí que apoyó públicamente la propuesta de "autonomía" de Marruecos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Obama presiona a Marruecos para solucionar el conflicto del Sahara (6-VII-2009)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;II. LA CARTA DE OBAMA AL SULTÁN: REACCIÓN DEL MAJZÉN&lt;br /&gt;Como dije aquí, la agencia oficial marroquí, la MAP, cuyos vínculos con los servicios secretos del majzén son notorios, publicó el 3 de julio la carta de Obama al sultán. Se publicó inmediatamente después de la visita del Enviado personal para el Sahara del Secretario General de la ONU. Se publicó después... pero se escribió antes.&lt;br /&gt;En dicha carta Obama pedía al sultán Mohamed que colaborase con Christopher Ross para arreglar el conflicto del Sahara.&lt;br /&gt;Sin embargo, el sultán no se dignó recibir a Ross. Signo inequívoco de las cosas no pintaban bien para el majzén.&lt;br /&gt;Sobre estos datos, formulé aquí mi hipótesis:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Obama está presionando a Marruecos para que acepte una solución al conflicto del Sahara Occidental compatible con el Derecho Internacional.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El mismo día en que publiqué el mencionado artículo (6-VII-200), el semanario arabófono marroquí "As-sahara al-usbuia" publicaba un artículo que confirmaba mis impresiones:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Fuentes bien informadas dijeron a As-sahara Al Usbuia que la razón por la que "su majestad" el rey no recibió al Enviado de la ONU Christopher Ross es que Marruecos no se siente a gusto con las propuestas de Ross que fueron bienvenidas por la parte argelina. Ross estuvo en Rabat desde el sábado hasta el martes sin ser recibido por el rey.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Después de publicar mi análisis, se informó de que el día 7 de julio el ministro de Asuntos Exteriores marroquí, Fassi-Fihri corrió a París a pedir ayuda. Era la prueba adicional de que lo que apunté no iba desencaminado.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III. ALGUNA PRENSA MARROQUÍ SE ALARMA&lt;br /&gt;Parece que mi análisis fue leído con atención por algunos en Marruecos, gracias a Internet. Y el día siguiente la prensa publicó artículos en los que se hacía mención al giro en la posición norteamericana. Veamos&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Al Yarida al Ula (7-VII-2009)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    La carta de USA, (...) desgraciadamente (intenta) hacer un intercambio entre el eventual papel de Marruecos en la normalización entre los árabes e Israel y la posición de USA en el asunto del Sahara, una posición que no está clara y que no se desvela en la carta... A cambio de la propuesta de normalización con Israel, ¿qué promete Obama a Marruecos en el asunto del Sahara? La respuesta es nada... La conclusión es clara, esto es, que se ha empezado a ejercer presión sobre Marruecos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Al Masae (7-VII-2009)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Marruecos se ha comprometido con América con el Acuerdo de libre cambio que sólo favorece a América. Marruecos se ha comprometido con América en el proyecto de diálogo inter-religioso (...) Marruecos ha aceptado reformar su sector religioso (...) Marruecos (...) ha aceptado la implicación de la USAID para financiar programas que incrementan las cuotas de mujeres en las elecciones.&lt;br /&gt;    Después de todo esto, Obama viene a decirnos que lo más que puede hacer en el asunto del Sahara es desear buena suerte a su enviado, perdón, al enviado de la ONU, Christopher Ross, para fortalecer el diálogo entre las partes...&lt;br /&gt;    Esta carta, por tanto, está clara y no hay necesidad de pedir a Obama ninguna explicación.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ajbar Al Yaum (7-VII-2009)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Obama ha anunciado un cambio en la posición tomada por la anterior administración de Bush, que era el apoyo al proyecto de "autonomía" en el marco de las negociaciones para encontrar una solución al conflicto del Sahara. La carta de Obama no se refiere al proyecto como marco de las negociaciones... proyecto por el que Marruecos hizo una importante concesión. ¿Por qué no ha respondido a esta carta el ministro de Asuntos Exteriores Fassi-Fihri?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IV. EL MAJZÉN REPRENDE A LA PRENSA E INTENTA MANTENER LA FICCIÓN&lt;br /&gt;Mi artículo fue replicado por un autor anónimo, que como es claro, muy probablemente sea un agente de los servicios del majzén. Esa réplica, en árabe y en francés, se publicó el día 9.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Ciertas voces han hecho una lectura singular de esta carta, llegando a decir que la política americana sobre la "integridad territorial" de Marruecos está en proceso de cambio. Estas mismas voces han ido más lejos, afirmando que el presidente Obama ejerce presión sobre Marruecos en este asunto.&lt;br /&gt;    Sin necesidad de analizar tales lecturas, basta decir que están firmadas por "el llamado Carlos Ruiz Miguel", conocido por su "hostilidad hacia Marruecos" para comprender que las premisas y conclusiones de tal discurso no están fundadas en análisis científicos, sino que engañan a la opinón pública.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El mismo día (9-VII-2009) que este agente del servicio secreto marroquí trataba de desacreditar mi análisis, el ministro de Comunicación del majzén hacía unas declaraciones muy similares recogidas al día siguiente por el diario Al Ahdat al Magrebia (10-VII-2009)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    El ministro de comunicación Jaled Nasiri criticó la interpretación que algunos periódicos nacionales han hecho de la carta enviada por el presidente USA Barack Obama al rey Mohamed VI, diciendo que tales lecturas no reflejan un análisis correcto del contenido de la carta.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;V. PERO LA PRENSA ESPECIALIZADA NORTEAMERICANA CONFIRMA QUE OBAMA SE ALINEA A FAVOR DEL DERECHO INTERNACIONAL EN EL SAHARA OCCIDENTAL...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;World Tribune (9-VII-2009)&lt;br /&gt;Obama apoya un Estado saharaui y retira el apoyo de Bush al plan marroquí&lt;br /&gt;[hay traducción española aquí]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Middle East Newsline (9-VII-2009)&lt;br /&gt;USA pone fin a su compromiso en favor de una autonomía en el Sahara&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;VI. ...Y LA PRENSA DEL MAJZÉN TIENE QUE RECURRIR A LA MENTIRA PARA MANTENER LA FICCIÓN&lt;br /&gt;La publicación de la tesis por los medios norteamericanos especializados ha provocado un último, y desperado, intento del majzén para ocultar la realidad. Y para ello, ya el único remedio que quedaba ha sido acudir a la mentira.&lt;br /&gt;Inmediatamente después de que los medios norteamericanos especializados se hicieran eco de lo que ya es evidente, el periódico Al Ayam decía esto (10-VII-2009)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    En la carta de Barack Obama al rey Mohamed VI publicada la semana pasada no ha habido nada nuevo en relación con el asunto del Sahara. El presidente USA, como todos sus predecesores como George Bush y otros, se ha limitado a hablar de una solución mutuamente aceptable ente las partes en el conflicto (...) Nada nuevo en la primera carta de Obama a Mohamed VI.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El "pequeño" problema es que esto no es cierto. Es rigurosamente falso que sea una carta como la de sus predecesores. Y es rigurosamente falso que sea igual que la que escribió Bush a Mohamed hace un año. En efecto, la prensa marroquí se congratulaba, hace un año (el 20 de junio de 2008) de que Bush apoyara una "autonomía" en el marco de la "soberanía marroquí" como "solución" para el Sahara. Eso fue lo que también dijo el embajador de Bush en Naciones Unidas en 2008 cuando se aprobó la resolución 1813 del Consejo de Seguridad.&lt;br /&gt;Pero ocurre que eso ya no lo dicen ni el embajador de USA en la ONU cuando se aprobó la resolución 1871 en abril de este año, ni el presidente Obama en su carta a Mohamed VI.&lt;br /&gt;Negar el cambio, por tanto, es pura y sencillamente mentir. Algo que, por lo demás, constituye la regla habitual de conducta del majzén.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Como internet es una máquina poderosa, unos días después, el 12 de julio ha sido un órgano del majzén en USA (el Moroccan Community Centre) el que la que ha llamado a acabar con la información:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Stop a la propaganda&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    El Centro de la Comunidad Marroquí (en USA) está irritado por la noticia falsa de Middle East Newsline que está circulando diciendo que el presidente Obama abandona el apoyo al plan marroquí de "autonomía" para el Sahara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CONCLUSIÓN&lt;br /&gt;1º. Es un hecho que Obama pidió a Mohamed VI apoyo a Ross.&lt;br /&gt;2º. Es un hecho que Mohamed VI hizo un desaire diplomático a Ross.&lt;br /&gt;3º. Es un hecho que tras el desaire a Ross, el ministro de Exteriores del majzén ha solicitado apoyo a París.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PROSPECCIÓN&lt;br /&gt;Si, como parece cierto, el majzén está profundamente preocupado por la política que pretenden realizar Obama y Ross, que no es otra que el cumplimiento del Derecho Internacional, lo que se espera (y que supongo que los asesores de Obama y Ross ya barajarán) es que Marruecos trate, con toda suerte de tácticas, ganar tiempo.&lt;br /&gt;Es probable que el presidente Obama y Christopher Ross hayan hablado con James Baker de cómo el majzén hace todo lo posible tácticamente para ganar tiempo. Ganar tiempo hasta que Obama desaparezca.&lt;br /&gt;Presumo que Baker, que ha conocido como nadie al majzén y el conflicto del Sahara Occidental, ha aconsajado a Obama y Ross no perder tiempo. Si esto fuera así, la frase utilizada por el majzén para impulsar su proyecto de "autonomía", a saber que "el asunto del Sahara es un conflicto que ha durado ya demasiado" se volverá contra ellos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;POST-DATA (16-VII-2009)&lt;br /&gt;Después de que este trabajo fuese publicado han aparecido dos artículos sobre el asunto. No estoy completamente de acuerdo con ellos, pero son interesantes:&lt;br /&gt;- "Ni la autonomía marroquí ni la independencia del POLISARIO, Obama propone una nueva salida a la crisis del Sahara", en el diario electrónico El Imparcial (13-VII-2009)&lt;br /&gt;- "Obama se desmarca de la solución que ofrece Marruecos para el Sáhara", en El País (15-VII-2009). Desconozco si este último trabajo se publica sólo en la edición electrónica o también en la de papel. Mañana lo veremos.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-2572691801398782380?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/2572691801398782380/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=2572691801398782380' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/2572691801398782380'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/2572691801398782380'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/07/obama-apoya-al-sahara-occidental.html' title='Obama apoya al Sahara Occidental: Marruecos intenta la desinformación'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sl77JJa95xI/AAAAAAAAC4A/1QVS_m7dNhA/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-834628687881682112</id><published>2009-07-16T02:58:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-16T03:01:32.228-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='http://www.zmag.org/znet/viewArticle/21934'/><title type='text'>Moroccan Medias and Western Sahara</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sl76bQrQjPI/AAAAAAAAC34/XrwTMEp81oc/s1600-h/securite.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 184px; height: 200px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sl76bQrQjPI/AAAAAAAAC34/XrwTMEp81oc/s200/securite.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5358995952857287922" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;By Denis Vericel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The manufacturing of the consensus&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Review of press from the Moroccan newspapers. The French speaking newspapers are "Le Matin", "Aujourd’hui", "Au fait". The Arabic speaking are "Al Alam", "Al Maghribia". International news look like anywhere else. Local one are talking about politic, many trivial events, sport, tv. Nothing distinctive. Nothing different. Nothing but one theme. Everyday for now more than 30 years, all Moroccan newspapers are dealing with one question: the Western Sahara. But there is no question. Just one certainty: Western Sahara is a part of Morocco which is fighting for a National Union and the Integrity of his Territory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Western Sahara’s history&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Western Sahara has first been colonised by Spain, which wanted this desert land as a protection for his Canary Islands few kilometres from the coast. From the 60’s started manifestations against this occupation, strongly repressed by Spanish army. The situation changed in the 70’s when another protagonist decided to declare this territory as his own and to fight for the return of this land to the "Great Morocco"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When king Hassan II organized the "Green March" where 350 000 Moroccans entered in the so-called "Spanish Sahara", "without any weapon but the holy Koran" said the king, his strategy was much more that a peaceful wish to free Sahara. After two coup d’état and many manifestations against the monarchic regime, Hassan II needed not only to bring together Moroccan people around a common cause, but also to preserve himself from military leaders which had already tried twice to kill him. Saharan situation appeared like the perfect event to solve both problems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But the peaceful Green March saluted by the International Commitment looks like a military annexation. The General Dlimi and the Moroccan army immediately entered in the Saharan territory, just after the marcher passed the symbolic border. In Hassan II’s plan, only one factor was unknown: the Sahrawi’s resistance. Organized from 1973 as a front for Saharan freedom called Polisario, Sahrawi’s insurrection against this new colonisation turn to war during 16 years. Exiled in the desert land of Tindouf in Algeria, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) is waiting for the independence referendum promised by United Nations. Today, Western Sahara is still the last African territory waiting for the end of colonisation on the UN calendar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the cease-fire in 1991, Morocco increases his politic of occupation and colonisation. After the evident politic advantages of this colonisation, Morocco also profit from many gifts of this land like phosphates and fishes. More than the soldiers, Moroccan police is omnipresent in Western Sahara, trying to control every breath of the Sahrawi’s population. Manifestations are forbidden, journalists controlled, activists looked after. Today, 34 years after Morocco entered in Western Sahara, the kingdom is still raping international laws by refusing the referendum, stilling the country from his own natural resources (see Western Sahara Resource Watch), and ignoring Human Rights by oppressing Sahrawi’s population.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But one more point: Morocco is lying everyday to his own population. One of the main purposes of the kingdom was and still is to persuade Moroccan that his policy is the good one, legal and recognized by the international commitment. For years, Moroccan newspapers, television and radio are still telling same old story: how Morocco is the victim of the Polisario’s attacks, how his intention is just to free this land in the name of liberty, how Morocco just wants to deliver Moroccans from Saharan provinces from an unfair separation. Day after days, year after years, the same talking in the newspapers has succeeded in creating a national consensus about Western Sahara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What do newspapers say about Western Sahara?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If we daily read Moroccan newspapers, we can first notice that there is nearly everyday one article about Sahara. Most of the time, articles are coming from the same journalist (like Latifa Cherkaoui for "Le Matin") or unsigned from Maghreb Arab Press, the national news agency. Articles are speaking about Saharan crisis and mostly how Morocco is acting to solve the problem; how Polisario is acting to destabilize the negotiations; how human conditions in the refugee camps of Tindouf are terrible; how UN and other nations are supporting the autonomy plan proposed by Morocco.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Journalists have created their own vocabulary for Western Sahara (word they never use preferring "Moroccan Sahara" or "Saharan provinces"). If we have a look to the words used in the articles, we can quickly see that this subject only allows one vision. Every time a journalist is writing about "Moroccan Sahara", the expression is associated with the further words: "Our provinces, sacred union, national sovereignty, unanimity, territorial integrity, international legality, Moroccan people, motherland, national pride, unity, sacrifice".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When the articles are about the autonomy plan, the vocabulary is not only orientated, but it gives no chance for another point of view. Moroccan position is always qualified as: "fair, serious, credible, realistic, reasonable, without any ambiguity".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many expressions are used: "politic and definitive solution. Saluted by the Security Council and the international commitment. Serious and credible alternative. Negotiated peace. Only and ultimate democratic reliable and valid solution". These expressions are used, word for word in all the different medias.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The same strategy is used when journalists are qualifying the independence movement. When Polisario and the Tindouf camps are mentioned, they are linked with: "Mercenaries from Polisario, Polisario indoctrinate in Cuba, Terrorism action, pseudo SADR, connexion with terrorist movement, raping Human Rights, secret prison, sequestrate population, racist treatment, Stalinist seclusion, torture, no freedom, shame’s camps".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The vocabulary is more violent and aggressive and the subjects are also. The journalists are now building a new image of Polisario, more "modern": Last articles are explaining how Polisario is selling weapons to terrorist groups, how it is linked with Al Qaida, how the Front is in fact composed of drug dealers who come to Morocco from Algeria to sell drugs and cigarettes, etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When we see how aggressive is the newspaper’s attitude about Sahara, by using everyday the same unilateral vocabulary and by linking it with the more popular demons of our society such as drug and terrorism, we can just remember this definition:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The secret of modern propaganda: simplify complex things so that the less clever one could understand what I say. Simplify then repeat everyday. Simplify and repeat, here is the secret of modern propaganda."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This definition of propaganda comes from Fritz Hippler, film director from the 3rd Reich.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No alternative opinion possible&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why is there no alternative to this daily-imposed opinion? One of the answers is inside Moroccan law itself. If you look at Moroccan constitution and press code, you will see that any offence to the king or to the "territorial integrity" can be sentenced. Talking about Western Sahara or any alternative position from the Moroccan one is then immediately repressed. This law not only exists to protect the king and the Moroccan point of view, but it is the legal way to prosecute every activist, every journalist, every citizen who doesn’t want to follow the Moroccan vision. Court is now condemning many Sahrawis to several years of jail because of this law. Taking part of a manifestation is then enough to go to prison, and police brutalities are legitimised by this law.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moroccan journalists are the victims of this law. Ali Lmrabet, editor of "Demain Magazine" is waiting for the court decision and the 3 to 5 years jail sentence for "insulting the person of the king" (See the article from Reporters Without Borders: "Warning for the independent press"). The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but the Moroccan constitution found the solution to preserve his people from this liberty. Morocco, and the new king Mohamed VI wanted his new constitution as "modern", "democratic" and "respectful". Finally, press and journalists are still not free to write, citizen can still be sentenced when they speak about the king or the "national integrity", even homosexuality is still consider as an offence (see Amnesty International 2009 report).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Notice that a lot of Moroccan newspapers are closely linked with the regime. Their leaders, their owners and stockholders, the companies which pay adverts, all of them are already part of the system managed on the top by the king Mohamed VI. For example, Moulay Ahmed Alaoui, Hassan II’s cousin and ex-minister, is the president of "Maroc Soir", the press group publishing "Le Matin", where he is also "politic director". Another daily paper, "Al-Anbaa", is simply managed by the ministry of information.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The manufacturing of the consensus about Western Sahara is an every day work for Moroccan newspapers and Moroccan authorities. The role of the media is to stun Moroccan population with the official point of view. Authorities can forbid any other opinion by sentencing the "no-conform" thinkers. They can also use other strategies such as closing the access from Morocco to ARSO (www.arso.org) which is the most important website about Western Sahara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The manipulation of the public opinion and the very active and aggressive lobbying used by the kingdom to impose his plan face to the foreign countries are the most important weapons of Morocco in this conflict. But they are also the reasons of the no-ending situation, the brake for any solution in Western Sahara.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-834628687881682112?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/834628687881682112/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=834628687881682112' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/834628687881682112'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/834628687881682112'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/07/moroccan-medias-and-western-sahara.html' title='Moroccan Medias and Western Sahara'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sl76bQrQjPI/AAAAAAAAC34/XrwTMEp81oc/s72-c/securite.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-8805731740154005334</id><published>2009-07-16T02:54:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-16T02:58:39.125-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desde el Atlántico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><title type='text'>Obama exert pressure on Morocco to resolve the conflict in the Sahara</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sl75lqsEjYI/AAAAAAAAC3w/VX3jkth_m90/s1600-h/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sl75lqsEjYI/AAAAAAAAC3w/VX3jkth_m90/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5358995032127081858" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It seems that what has been said in this blog was not misleading: Obama is pushing Morocco to accept a solution to the conflict in Western Sahara in conformity with the international law. Mohamed VI, very angry with the Americans, has refused to accept Christopher Ross, the US diplomat appointed Personal Envoy of the UN. In Western Sahara and Mauritania are waging a silent battle between the US and France. With whom are the president Rodriguez and the minister Moratinos? The Spanish press assessed columns and pages for the scandalous arrest of an imaginary “Jihadist cell” and did say nothing of the UN Personal Envoy tour for the issue of Western Sahara; tour in which important things happened and which deserve consideration.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I/ The context: the USA excludes Morocco from the settlement of the conflict in Mauritania.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Readers (…) have already read that in Mauritania there has been a silent struggle of influence between France and USA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mauritania’s crisis has been resolved with respect for the constitutional legality, as claimed by the USA. The other “solution” was to validate the coup, the "solution" backed by France and Moratinos has failed. Not only that, but the main agent of the French politics, Morocco, has been excluded from resolution of the crisis in Mauritania by the USA as revealed by the Moroccan weekly Al Ousboue in its edition of 2nd July which stated that:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Ross advisers who accompany him (in his current tour to the region) spoke about the success of the Obama plan in Mauritania and that the head of the military junta, Ould Abdelaziz was forced to resign (...) For the first time Morocco has been excluded and no Moroccan representative to participate in the US efforts in Nouakchott (...) Obama wants a solution to all problems in the region, including the conflict of the Sahara in two years.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;II/ The Moroccan proposal of “autonomy” is definitely buried: towards a modified version of “Baker Plan”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ross visited the region with a new proposal. This is in itself significant because it means, quite simply, not taking into consideration the Moroccan proposal to grant a so-called "autonomy" to the Western Sahara. Readers (...) don’t be surprised by this. The Security Council meeting in April 2009 adopted resolution 1871 during which the US ambassador did not support the Moroccan proposal, unlike what happened last year when the resolution 1813 was passed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking clearly, the line-Walsum Moratinos (supported by Arístegui) is a dead trail. Another "success" to add into the curriculum of President Rodriguez diplomacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is clear to me that neither Ross nor USA, support the "solution" of a supposed "autonomy", but what is the new proposal? Before the tour I stressed that this new proposal could be in line with the Baker Plan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Officially, we still do not know anything about it. But there is already some leakage. If we give credit to the Moroccan weekly Al Ousboue said:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"It seems that the UN Envoy, Ross, came to the region with a new proposal that stipulate a local authority elections to be held in Sahara on the basis of a process of identification conducted by both Morocco and POLISARIO, as a first step towards a solution.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For me personally, it does not seem to be far from the first phase of the Baker Plan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The fact is that the plan proposed by Ross (we do not know exactly if it matches with what is reported by Al Ousboue) has been supported by the Algerian president, by Sahrawis and there was no rejection from the Mauritanian part. A scenario similar to what occurred at the Baker plan: When all supported the plan except Morocco. The isolation was such that France did not dare to vote against the Security Council resolution plan 1495 in July 2003, (knowing that Spain has been member of the Council then).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III. Mohamed VI asks Obama support. Obama asks him to support Ross and Mohamed VI challenges Ross.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III.1. Mohamed VI, alarmed by the efforts of Ross, has asked Obama support.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On July 3 the official Moroccan News agency (MAP) revealed Obama’s letter sent to Mohamed VI whereby for the first time the US president talks on the Western Sahara. But the MAP did not mention its date. The MAP, after reproducing the letter adds a final sentence that provides valuable information:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“It is recalled that King Mohammed VI had sent messages in recent weeks to the American president on various important issues.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That is, the Moroccan Sultan, concerned about the course the conflict in Western Sahara is taking asked Obama’s help.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We should remember that Mohamed VI behaved similarly with Bush shortly after the adoption of the Baker Plan. In that case, the deal was successful. Apparently, as we have pointed out here that in exchange for US diplomatic support, Morocco has offered to "move" in Morocco the torture of CIA prisoners, using the proven "effectiveness" of torture of the Moroccans. Now, however, it seems that things have not been the same. Let’s see why.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III.2. Obama asked the Moroccan Sultan to support Ross&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The letter from Obama (which, I insist, the MAP has not dated) said this:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“For the Sahara issue, said the American president, I understand the importance of Western Sahara issue to you, to your Kingdom and to the populations that have suffered from this conflict.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“I share your commitment that negotiations under the United Nations aegis, is the appropriate framework for achieving a mutually acceptable solution, and I hope that Christopher Ross, a diplomat who has broad experience in the region, may promote constructive dialogue between the parties,” he added.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this regard, President Obama said his government “will work with you and with other parties in the region to reach a solution that meets the needs of the people, transparency in governance, trust in the State of law and the administration of fair justice.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In other words, President Obama, asks Mohamed VI to support Ross’ efforts&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III.3. Moroccan Sultan disregarded Ross.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Christopher Ross started his tour from Algeria on 23 June. There, he was received by President Bouteflika and the Algerian Foreign Minister to whom he explained his plan. Ross said after the meeting that he was "optimistic" about the possibility of resolving the conflict.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 25 June he visited POLISARIO camps. There, he met the Sahrawi president and the team negotiating with Morocco. POLISARIO leaders indicated they are “fully prepared” to cooperate with Ross.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 26 June Ross moved to the capital of Mauritania, where he met the new President, the Prime Minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs. It should be mentioned that in his first tour to the region, Ross did not visit Mauritania, where there was a government that is not recognized by the USA (though it has been recognized by France, Spain and Morocco). Now, after reaching a solution to the crisis under USA sponsorship, Ross met the highest Mauritanian officials.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 27 June, Ross travelled to Rabat where there was neither Mohamed VI nor the Prime Minister to meet him. On arrival at the airport he was received by mid-level officials (an ambassador and a director of a ministry protocol). During 3 days the Moroccan Medias did not give information about the visit. He met the Foreign Minister, the Minister of Interior and Head of the Secret Services as well as a Saharawi collaborator with Morocco, Khalihenna Ould Rachid and an official of the Arab Maghreb Union. That was until 30 June.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, according to a Moroccan newspaper (Al Akbar Al Youm, 1st July 2009):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mohammed VI did not receive the Personal Envoy of the SG for Western Sahara, Christopher Ross, during his recent visit to Morocco. Some sources suggest that the king was visiting Oujda during the Ross stay, while others believe that the palace may be dissatisfied with Ross approach. In Morocco, it seems there is a bad feeling towards Ross according to the Francophone daily Le Soir and its brother Arabic Al Massae, in their edition issue of 2nd July 2009.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The UN Envoy left Morocco without meeting Mohamed VI. A source close to Al Massae revealed that Ross was “disappointed” with his interviews with the Moroccan officials who discussed with him superficial matters while the fundamental issues are of the king’s competence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IV. What Spain would do?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 30 June Ross came to Spain where he met with Moratinos. Consulting the page of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs we notice that there is no mention that Ross visit France: Is it a way of saying that the USA deliberately excluded the “French approach” in resolving Western Sahara conflict?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;President Rodriguez likes to sell an “ideological” foreign policy according to which Spain supports one or another leader in certain scenarios as ideological sympathy. Well, if you paraphrase the slogan with which the electoral PSOE lost the European elections, we might say “this game is played in North Africa.” What is the game? The game of Western Sahara independence. Who plays? Conservative Sarkozy as the French and American leftist Obama. The game is played in Africa. With what side are the president and the Minister Moratinos Rodriguez?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* (by Carlos Ruiz Miguel, professor of Constitutional Law, at Santiago de Compostela University, Spain])&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-8805731740154005334?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/8805731740154005334/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=8805731740154005334' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8805731740154005334'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8805731740154005334'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/07/it-seems-that-what-has-been-said-in.html' title='Obama exert pressure on Morocco to resolve the conflict in the Sahara'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sl75lqsEjYI/AAAAAAAAC3w/VX3jkth_m90/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-5741282727668064979</id><published>2009-06-28T05:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-28T05:05:40.684-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='http://diasporasaharaui.blogspot.com'/><title type='text'>Le Sahara Occidental, un territoire non-autonome</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkdcjNyfWtI/AAAAAAAAC2w/nEyTg9YvEaQ/s1600-h/ZAPATERO+MARRUECOS.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 160px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkdcjNyfWtI/AAAAAAAAC2w/nEyTg9YvEaQ/s200/ZAPATERO+MARRUECOS.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5352348442219731666" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le Sahara est un territoire non autonome, ce qui veut dire qu'il appartient à ceux qui l'habitent sans pour autant qu'un état ne l'administre. Le terme territoire non autonome est utilisé par l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour désigner un territoire « dont les populations ne s'administrent pas encore complètement elles-mêmes ». En mai 2008, Ban Ki-moon, Secrétaire-général de l'ONU, appelait les puissances coloniales à « compléter le processus de décolonisation dans l’ensemble des seize territoires non autonomes restants, sans exception »&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le Sahara Occidental compte parmi les 16 territoires non-autonomes recensés par les Nations Unies. Cela veut dire que les habitants du Sahara Occidental doivent choisir la destinée de leur territoire. L'Etat marocain semble oublier cette vérité. Cela n'est pas étonnant dans un pays établi comme le premier pays producteur et exportateur de cannabis, une drogue dont les effets amnésiques sont connus par la science.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sur la base de ce droit, les Nations Unies, depuis 1965 appellent à la décolonisation de cette ancienne colonie espagnole et le Comité Spécial des 24 vient de rappeler «la responsabilité envers le droit du peuple du Sahara occidental à l’autodétermination et a fait sienne toutes les résolutions antérieures adoptées par l’Assemblée générale des Nations unies sur le Sahara occidental», a précisé un communiqué de Sahara Press Service. Tous les regards sont désormais tournés vers Rabat où doit se rendre en fin de semaine Christopher Ross. Une escale qui constituera un véritable test de la bonne volonté des autorités marocaines.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;M. Ross semble être un homme de négociations. S'il s'éloigne de l'influence négative française, il a beaucoup d'atouts en sa faveur. Sa compétence, liée à sa profonde connaissance de la région et les facteurs de blocage du processus de paix entamé il y a 18 ans et sait où ses prédécesseurs se sont cassés les dents, il préconise les négociations secrètes et ne fera pas de déclaration fracassante tant qu'il n'est pas sûr de l'évolution du dossier. Tous ces facteurs joueront un rôle essentiel dans les prochaines rencontres.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L'Afrique du Nord aurait pu être un paradis, s'il n'y avait pas cette obsession du royaume chérifien de vouloir engloutir tous les territoires voisins.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il est temps d'arrêter l'hystérie des dirigeants marocains, cet état d'esprit qu'ils ont transmis délibérément au peuple marocain pour le transformer en hystérie collective contre le peuple sahraoui. Pour cela, le gouvernement marocain n'a que les calomnies, les mensonges et la désinformation pour éviter tout débat de fond. Il a semé un brouillard tellement épais qu'il aveugle le peuple marocain jusqu'au point de vouloir le génocide pour les peuples frères algérien et sahraoui. Les manipulations de Rabat ont fait de la population marocaine des esclaves pliés à sa volonté et de chair à canon pour ses folles aventures de conquête.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aujourd'hui, le Maroc est bien obligé de négocier sur ce dossier en raison des pressions de la communauté internationale. Dans les prochains mois, il devra faire le choix entre la raison et la continuité de ses croisades contre les pays voisins.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La crise financière frappe de plein fouet, et les méthodes de l'époque de la guerre froide ne sont plus d'aucune efficacité. Il ne sert plus à rien de se prosterner devant les Français et les Américains ou les Espagnols pour offrir ses services. Cette technique de crier au loup qui allait à merveille à Hassan II, est un costume qui n'est plus à la mesure du roi Mohamed VI. Dix ans de règne ont fait tomber tous les maquillages que le royaume portait pour présenter ce qu'ils appelaient la "spécificité marocaine" qui n'est autre que la continuité de la dictature monarchique, la répression, les violations des droits de l'homme, la restriction des libertés de presse… et surtout la haine, une profonde haine envers le peuple sahraoui.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-5741282727668064979?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/5741282727668064979/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=5741282727668064979' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5741282727668064979'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5741282727668064979'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/le-sahara-occidental-un-territoire-non.html' title='Le Sahara Occidental, un territoire non-autonome'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkdcjNyfWtI/AAAAAAAAC2w/nEyTg9YvEaQ/s72-c/ZAPATERO+MARRUECOS.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-7206196193942285370</id><published>2009-06-28T04:58:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-28T05:03:01.688-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='http://diasporasaharaui.blogspot.com'/><title type='text'>Le Maroc appelé à rejoindre la voie de la raison</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Skdbz13m23I/AAAAAAAAC2o/0XXH-26aO7M/s1600-h/grand+magreb+arabe.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 114px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Skdbz13m23I/AAAAAAAAC2o/0XXH-26aO7M/s200/grand+magreb+arabe.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5352347628344892274" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Au moment où l'envoyé spécial est en tournée dans la région pour faire avancer le plan de paix, les responsables et la presse marocains prennent le contre-pied de la tergiversation en défendant une option clairement écartée du réalisme. L'ONU est arrivée à ce même constat dans sa dernière résolution (1871) : Le plan d'autonomie n'est pas une solution appropriée ni voie applicable ni de par le caractère global de son approche ni en pertinence en tant que sortie honorable qui puisse garantir aux sahraouis de voir leurs rêves d'indépendance, stabilité et développement durables réalisés.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dans la continuité de la position claire et permanente qui a toujours été la sienne, le Front Polisario, tout en réitérant son ferme soutien aux efforts du M. Ross pour parvenir à une solution politique négociée, il a rappelé qu'il ne saurait en aucune manière accepter ou tolérer toute solution qui ne permettrait pas au peuple sahraoui d'exercer son droit inaliénable à l'autodétermination.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le peuple sahraoui dénonce avec force la lâcheté du soutien et l'ingérence de la France dans l'affaire du Sahara Occidental qui ne la regarde ni de près ni de loin. Il s'agit de tentatives dont le seul objectif est de torpiller les efforts de règlement pacifique du contentieux qui a connu une nouvelle dynamique grâce à l'entrée en scène du nouvel envoyé spécial.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La réalité est poignante puisqu'elle démontre les tergiversations angoissées d'un régime en perte de repères tant politiques que diplomatiques. La communauté internationale a compris que le pouvoir de Rabat est incapable de convaincre que son plan d'autonomie n'est pas une façade.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ces provocations procèdent d'une stratégie délibérément poursuivie par le Maroc et la France dans le but précis de saborder le processus politique en cours et saper la dynamique de règlement pacifique laborieusement mise en place par la communauté internationale. A croire que Rabat a besoin de faire perdurer ce conflit qu'elle a confectionné affin de créer les diversions politiques qui pourraient détourner encore l'attention du peuple marocain frère de ses vrais problèmes. Mais les temps sont révolus et la population marocaine n'est pas dupe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Par leur caractère répétitif, les provocations marocaines compromettent sérieusement le processus de paix entamé depuis le cessez le feu en 1991 et toute illusion de voir un jour L'Union du Maghreb Arabe se concrétiser. L'intégration régionale est tributaire du règlement de la question du Sahara Occidental et il serait temps que les membres du Conseil de Sécurité onusien se dressent pour faire face aux intransigeances marocaines.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les autorités marocaines doivent faire preuve de réalisme. Il est temps de tourner la page. L'évidence est là : Un Etat sahraoui garantirait les meilleures relations avec tous ses voisins.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dans cette optique, une nouvelle rencontre est prévue dans un futur proche et au cours de laquelle des options n'auront pas lieu d'être abordées : L'autonomie ou toute sorte d'intégration au Maroc. A part ce point, le terrain est vaste pour explorer toutes les pistes. Dans ce cadre, la détermination du peuple sahraoui et la justesse de sa cause conduiront M. Ross à tirer ses propres conclusions et donner à Dieu ce qui est à Dieu et au César ce qui est au César. Car il faut bien retenir que le peuple sahraoui n'a jamais cessé de réclamer ce qui lui appartient comme droit légitime. De même qu'il a fait preuve de patience et de modération qui méritent le respect et la considération de toute la communauté internationale.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A l'occasion, nous appelons le Secrétaire Général de l'ONU et son envoyé spécial à amener le Maroc à la voie de la raison, de cesser de perdurer le statu quo et les positions qui ne conduiront qu'à d'autres décennies de tension, de guerre et de souffrances pour tous les peuples de la région.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-7206196193942285370?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/7206196193942285370/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=7206196193942285370' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/7206196193942285370'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/7206196193942285370'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/le-maroc-appele-rejoindre-la-voie-de-la.html' title='Le Maroc appelé à rejoindre la voie de la raison'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Skdbz13m23I/AAAAAAAAC2o/0XXH-26aO7M/s72-c/grand+magreb+arabe.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-1722048430481890421</id><published>2009-06-28T04:54:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-28T04:58:18.443-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Diaspora Sahraoui'/><title type='text'>Pourquoi l'UPM est impossible</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkdamHHSuKI/AAAAAAAAC2g/D6nZjOux7T4/s1600-h/UPM+impossible.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 133px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkdamHHSuKI/AAAAAAAAC2g/D6nZjOux7T4/s200/UPM+impossible.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5352346292944287906" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Un an après son lancement, l’Union pour la Méditerranée (UPM) n’a pas emporté l’adhésion des Algériens. Alors que certains partis politiques n'ont pas hésité à demander aux autorités de se retirer de cette union, le monde économique se questionne encore sur les possibles apports de l'UPM.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Parmi ces personnalités réservées figure l’un des principaux représentants du patronat algérien, Slim Othmani, directeur général de NCA-Rouiba, le leader algérien des boissons et jus à base de fruits. Ce jeune chef d’entreprise dit ne pas avoir d’a priori sur l’UPM qui doit, selon lui, être « bâtie sur des projets concrets auxquels nous, en tant que nation, sommes libres d’adhérer ou non ».&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Précisant que « l’UPM n’est ni une association ni un accord obligatoire », ce membre fondateur de l’APAB (Association des producteurs algériens de boissons) dont il est actuellement le vice-président rappelle qu’« un projet se fait sur une base équitable excluant de facto certains rapports de forces liés au profil pays, émergents versus non émergents ».&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Autre figure symbole de la société algérienne, Farid Cherbal, enseignant-chercheur en biologie à l’Université des sciences de la terre Houari Boumediene (USTHB) dans la banlieue d’Alger, ne cache pas son opposition à l’UPM « en raison de la situation politique et géostratégique qui règne en Méditerranée actuellement ».&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le biologiste ne se focalise pas sur le seul conflit du Moyen-Orient, puisqu’il précise qu’«un deuxième Etat signataire de ce document fondateur, le Maroc, continue aussi de coloniser le Sahara Occidental depuis 1976, de réprimer le peuple sahraoui à qui est refusé à ce jour l’organisation d’un référendum d’autodétermination pourtant stipulé par de multiples résolution du Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU. »&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Partant de là, Farid Cherbal constate que les fondateurs de l’UPM sont rattrapés par le réel géostratégique et historique et qu’ils ne peuvent se dérober plus longtemps à une question fondamentale qu’il formule ainsi : « Peut-on construire un espace de paix et de prospérité en Méditerranée tant que le colonialisme israélien occupe la Palestine et opprime, depuis 60 ans maintenant, le peuple palestinien, et tant que l’on refuse au peuple sahraoui son droit à l’autodétermination ? »&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le généticien, qui représente une nouvelle génération de syndicalistes algériens à travers son militantisme dans le syndicat CNES (conseil national des enseignants du supérieur), considère à partir de là « que le projet de l’UPM n’est pas viable. »&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rappelant que la guerre d’indépendance du peuple algérien a posé comme principe fondateur à la politique étrangère algérienne postcoloniale « le soutien permanent et la solidarité agissante à l’égard de tous les peuples du monde en lutte pour leur indépendance », Farid Cherbal se déclare partisan de « la construction d’un nouvel espace géostratégique, politique et économique méditerranéen au service exclusif des droits politiques, sociaux, économiques et culturels des peuples de la Méditerranée. »&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Une autre personnalité, politique celle-là, dénonce sans détour l’UPM. Il s’agit de Hocine Ait Ahmed, chef du Front des forces socialistes (FFS), qui considère que « cette union, fondée sur la complicité et la compromission avec les dictatures, enterre les peuples et prend en otage la démocratie.»&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Accusant sans détour Nicolas Sarkozy de développer une conception de l’UPM datant de « la guerre froide des années 70 et 80 qui avait gelé le grand mouvement de décolonisation en faisant proliférer la dynamique des dictatures indigènes, ghettoïsant peuples, sociétés et individus du Sud, les condamnant ainsi à toutes les formes de violences, de misère et d’aliénation », le vieil opposant au régime conclut par une critique virulente des dirigeants du Nord : « Au lieu de se gargariser des droits de l’homme et de la ‘’civilisation’’, il faut d’abord et avant tout civiliser le politique en garantissant l’indépendance de la justice dans les deux rives. Les peuples maghrébins méritent mieux. Le peuple français mérite mieux aussi. »&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Source : www.econostrum.info&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-1722048430481890421?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/1722048430481890421/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=1722048430481890421' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/1722048430481890421'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/1722048430481890421'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/pourquoi-lupm-est-impossible.html' title='Pourquoi l&apos;UPM est impossible'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkdamHHSuKI/AAAAAAAAC2g/D6nZjOux7T4/s72-c/UPM+impossible.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-1879256486788710645</id><published>2009-06-27T05:53:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-27T05:55:51.418-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='bellaciao.org'/><title type='text'>Toute la patrie ou le martyre</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYW0Ju9KqI/AAAAAAAACyI/jF3QYQOaK9g/s1600-h/intifada23.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 129px; height: 129px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYW0Ju9KqI/AAAAAAAACyI/jF3QYQOaK9g/s200/intifada23.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5351990292398287522" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La dernière déclaration du M. Boukhari Ahmed, représentant du Front Polisario à New York, intervient alors que des interrogations multiples ne cessent de se poser sur la volonté des Nations Unies de sortir de l'impasse dans lequel l'organisation onusienne s'est mise.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Elle a le mérite d'apporter une clarification supplémentaire des responsables sahraouis sur ce problème qui constitue un volet important pour la restauration de la légalité internationale et la crédibilité des organismes internationaux, y compris le Conseil de Sécurité.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tout en réitérant l'engagement des Sahraouis à privilégier la voie pacifique dans la recherche d'une solution juste et équitable au problème sahraoui, et à continuer à collaborer sincèrement avec les instances onusiennes, M. Boukhari n'a pas manqué de rappeler que la communauté internationale doit agir pour éviter le pire.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Opportune et logique, la déclaration du diplomate sahraoui a le mérite de clarifier les choses en attendant l'arrivée du représentant spécial du Secrétaire Général, Ban Ki-moon pour la préparation des rencontres informels entre les deux parties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dans les nouvelles négociations, il ne peut y avoir de retour possible aux méthodes marocaines qui ont mis en échec les quatre rounds de négociations précédents. Les multiples blocages et subterfuges des responsables marocains sont à l'origine de tous ces échecs. Sans conditions préalables, pour le Maroc, veut dire rien que l'autonomie. Il n'est pas nécessaire de rappeler que pour les sahraouis, rien n'est acceptable sauf l'indépendance. C'est ça la réalité si amère pour le Maroc. Une autre vision relève de l'imaginaire.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour le plus simple des citoyens, c'est clair. La culture nationaliste lui a appris que la volonté des peuples est inquébrantable et la victoire de la lutte armée est sûre. Tous les peuples qui se sont soulevés contre le colonialisme ont fini par arracher leur indépendance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En octobre 1975, lors de l'invasion du Sahara Occidental, Hassan II avait cru qu'il pouvait s'approprier de notre pays, jouant les héros face à un peuple innocent et des partis politiques meurtris par la répression. Le roi a voulu appeler ça "consensus national". C'en était un, mais il était fait à coups de matraques.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le gouvernement marocain a fait de son autonomie un cheval de bataille, il s'est agité à bout de champ aux Nations Unies, à Madrid, Paris, etc… Grâce aux mauvais conseils de la France, il a fini par croire en son plan, ce qui le conduit forcément à la déception lorsque les autorités marocaines ont été mises devant leurs responsabilités. La résolution 1871 était on ne peut plus claire : les parties sont condamnées à trouver une solution négociée qui garantit le respect du droit du peuple sahraoui à l'autodétermination. Et la patience du Conseil de Sécurité est arrivée à ses limites. Tout comme la patience de la population sahraouie.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le Front Polisario reste fidèle à ses engagements pour trouver une solution pacifique et définitive à ce conflit qui dure depuis plus de 36 ans, et le peuple sahraoui reste fidèle à ses principes. Parmi ces principes "Toute la patrie ou le martyre".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://diasporasaharaui.blogspot.com&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;De : Diaspora Sahraouie&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-1879256486788710645?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/1879256486788710645/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=1879256486788710645' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/1879256486788710645'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/1879256486788710645'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/toute-la-patrie-ou-le-martyre.html' title='Toute la patrie ou le martyre'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYW0Ju9KqI/AAAAAAAACyI/jF3QYQOaK9g/s72-c/intifada23.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-1718225306604374863</id><published>2009-06-27T05:49:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-27T05:53:12.864-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='bellaciao.org'/><title type='text'>En attendant l'arrivée de Ross</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYWMdaboeI/AAAAAAAACyA/Zi6mG_KXNhc/s1600-h/roos1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 164px; height: 184px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYWMdaboeI/AAAAAAAACyA/Zi6mG_KXNhc/s200/roos1.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5351989610486145506" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En application de la résolution 1871 du 30 avril 2009, M. Ross se prépare pour une visite dans la région du Maghreb pour des rencontres informels en vue de préparer le terrain pour le prochain round de négociations entre le Front Polisario et le Maroc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le gouvernement marocain, en tablant sur des calculs politiques erronés, fait semblant de respecter la légalité internationale, tout en attendant une intervention française pour le sortir de ce cauchemar appelé le Sahara Occidental. Un cauchemar qui dure depuis que Mohamed VI était encore un adolescent de 12 ans. Et s'il ne veut pas se plier au droit international, il risque de vieillir et quitter ce monde, comme son père, sans voir le Sahara devenir définitivement marocain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Après l'avoir rejeté pendant des années, le Maroc est obligé de négocier avec le Front Polisario dans le but de présenter une proposition qu'il qualifie de nouvelle donne, l'autonomie. Les connaisseurs du dossier savent avec exactitude que ce projet a été maintes fois présenté par le Maroc en 1979 et 1989 lors de la rencontre de Marrakech avec la direction du Polisario. Donc, il n'est pas question que le Front Polisario l'accepte.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les temps ont révolu. Bush n'est plus aux commandes de la Maison Blanche et l'ONU n'est pas près d'imposer une solution contre le droit du peuple sahraoui à l'autodétermination, et l'allié des sahraouis, l'Algérie, est devenue une puissance politique, économique et militaire dans la région du Maghreb. Tous les ingrédients sont réunis pour que l'Etat sahraoui voie le jour, même si cet Etat existe déjà puisque la République Arabe Sahraouie Démocratique est membre à part entière de l'Union Africaine.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il a été définitivement clarifié qu'une solution négociée et mutuellement acceptable par les parties ne veut pas dire courir derrière les caprices d'un gouvernement marocain dirigé par un roi attiré par les jeux d'adolescents, ni derrière les décisions d'un gouvernement européen dirigé par un gigolo dont la politique néo-nazi ne veut pas rompre avec le passé colonial.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Par lettre datée du 28 août 2008, Peter Van Walsun a démissionné, non sans avoir rappelé que "la légalité internationale est avec le peuple sahraoui" et que le conflit du Sahara Occidental est dû à une "injustice commise il y a 34 ans". Cet homme, même s'il était controversé, a dit des vérités comme des temples qui sont tombées sur les têtes des dirigeants marocains qui cherchent à contourner cette légalité moyennant le mensonge, la trahison et les méthodes dignes des états voyous.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;M. Christopher Ross va entamer une tournée dans la région. Le Front Polisario lui a réitéré l'entière disposition des sahraouis à coopérer pleinement avec les NNUU et l'a assuré de son soutient pour le succès de sa nouvelle mission. Succès qui s'annonce difficile, puisque la presse marocaine commence déjà ses délires de chercher une solution négociée entre l'Algérie et le Maroc. Précisément, c'est le journal Assabah, dans son édition d'aujourd'hui, qui l'affirme. Pour rappel, c'est le même journal qui vient d'être condamné en France pour avoir accusé un journaliste de France 3 d'agent des services secrets algériens.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Logiquement, le seul et unique moyen de résoudre ce problème est de lever tous les obstacles que le Maroc a contribué à dresser le long de ces 34 années et qu'il accepte enfin à reconnaître ses responsabilités et d'en discuter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://diasporasaharaui.blogspot.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De : Diaspora Sahraouie&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-1718225306604374863?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/1718225306604374863/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=1718225306604374863' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/1718225306604374863'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/1718225306604374863'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/en-attendant-larrivee-de-ross.html' title='En attendant l&apos;arrivée de Ross'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYWMdaboeI/AAAAAAAACyA/Zi6mG_KXNhc/s72-c/roos1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-2569069134148295361</id><published>2009-06-27T05:41:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-27T05:49:07.810-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='bellaciao.org'/><title type='text'>Le prix de la paix au Maghreb</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYVFXniPMI/AAAAAAAACxw/RRQv9IE_zgg/s1600-h/bouteflika.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 185px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYVFXniPMI/AAAAAAAACxw/RRQv9IE_zgg/s200/bouteflika.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5351988389159779522" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les activités du M. Christopher Ross, nouvel envoyé spécial de Ban Ki-moon pour le Sahara Occidental, vont reprendre à un moment où il y a unanimité sur le fait que l'UMA ne peut réactiver ses structures et mettre en œuvre ses décisions au moment où l'un de ses membres fondateurs s'obstine à vouloir s'emparer des terres de ses voisins. Il n'existe pas de par le monde un groupement de pays qui appelle à la complémentarité et au partenariat alors que l'un de ses pays occupe, torture et viole les droits les plus fondamentaux d'un des peuples de la région.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nous ne pouvons qu'exprimer notre grand étonnement de voir la question du Sahara Occidental toujours inscrite à l'ordre du jour de l'ONU depuis le 14 décembre 1960, date de la résolution 1514 (XV) de l'Assemblée Générale de l'ONU relative à l'octroi de l'indépendance aux pays et peuples coloniaux et qui stipule que tous les peuples ont un droit inaliénable à la pleine liberté, à l'exercice de leur souveraineté et à l'intégrité de leur territoire national".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La question du Sahara est une question coloniale, un territoire non-autonome et tout ce que ça implique en droit d'autodétermination et droit des peuples de disposer d'eux-mêmes. La décolonisation doit s'achever par la reconnaissance des droits historiques du peuple sahraoui.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le Maroc joue sur le facteur du temps pour affaiblir la volonté des sahraouis, en croyant que de la sorte il finira avec ce contentieux... à sa manière... Mais le peuple sahraoui et le Front Polisario se trouvent dans une situation politique confortable sur le plan international : Le droit à l'autodétermination est inaliénable et irréversible, le peuple sahraoui est uni autour de son avant-garde, le Front Polisario, sa détermination reste intacte et la proposition marocaine de l'autonomie se trouve désormais aux oubliettes…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le Front Polisario n'a pas cessé de déplorer et dénoncer l'attitude du Maroc qui instrumentalise les phénomènes du trafic illégal et du terrorisme à des fins médiatico-politiques dans le but de discréditer et nuire l'image respectable que le mouvement sahraoui s'est forgée au fil des longues années de lutte pour chasser la horde barbare tombée du Nord. L'obstination marocaine à défendre l'indéfendable pourrait altérer les relations qui liaient le Maroc à Washington, surtout que l'Algérie est devenue un partenaire indéniable en matière de lutte contre le terrorisme international.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les grandes puissances, qui ont compris depuis longtemps les visées hégémoniques du Maroc dans la région, commencent enfin à pointer le doigt accusateur vers le royaume chérifien. Il est temps de mettre fin à cette mascarade et d'accentuer la pression sur les responsables marocains pour les amener à accepter la légalité internationale et mettre fin a ce conflit qui n'a que trop duré.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les responsables marocains ne peuvent pas se dérober à leur responsabilité morale et politique dans cette affaire. Sans la sauvage invasion marocaine, drôlement appelée Marche Verte, l'affaire du Sahara Occidental n'aurait jamais existé et la destinée des peuples du Maghreb aurait connu un meilleur sort. Mais il n'est jamais trop tard pour bien faire. Le roi Mohamed VI doit s'armer du courage qui a manqué à son défunt père pour se débarrasser de cette affaire embarrassante pour l'Etat et pour le peuple marocain. Cela ouvrira des nouvelles perspectives pour le bien-être de tous les peuples de la région. En signe de bonne volonté, le Front Polisario a offert le partage de ses richesses nationales avec le peuple marocain pour réaliser le rêve commun du développement et de stabilité et paix sociale. Donc, il est temps de se rendre à l'évidence et de rompre avec les attitudes d'antan caractérisées par la fuite en avant.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La preuve irréfutable de la négative marocaine à toute solution est la politique interne du Maroc où on ne peut pas exprimer un avis contraire à la vision générale de l'Etat. Le parti Voie Démocratique (Annahj addimocrati) subit une des pires violences à cause de son soutien au droit du peuple sahraoui à l'autodétermination.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tout cela à un moment où le Front Polisario subit une pression croissante de la souche sociale jeune qui exige le retour immédiat à la lutte armée, seul moyen pour contraindre le Maroc à respecter la légalité internationale.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le peuple sahraoui réitère son appel à la communauté internationale pour exercer des véritables pressions sur le gouvernement marocain pour l'amener à respecter ses engagements lors de la signature des accords de cessez-le-feu en 1991 et restaurer aux sahraouis leurs droits légitimes à vivre en paix et harmonie avec les peuples frères du Maghreb.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; De : Diaspora Sahraouie&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-2569069134148295361?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/2569069134148295361/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=2569069134148295361' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/2569069134148295361'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/2569069134148295361'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/le-prix-de-la-paix-au-maghreb.html' title='Le prix de la paix au Maghreb'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYVFXniPMI/AAAAAAAACxw/RRQv9IE_zgg/s72-c/bouteflika.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-3896749584690022270</id><published>2009-06-27T05:39:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-27T05:41:16.186-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='johnpilger.com'/><title type='text'>Smile on the face of the tiger</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYTZTipYKI/AAAAAAAACxo/3ciLO7AiS14/s1600-h/1223746953859_0.7332970235007041.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 176px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYTZTipYKI/AAAAAAAACxo/3ciLO7AiS14/s200/1223746953859_0.7332970235007041.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5351986532639662242" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In his latest column for the New Statesman, John Pilger de-codes the "historic" speech President Obama made in Cairo "reaching out to the Muslim world", according to the BBC: in reality showing the seductive face of American power as it proceeds towards its unchanged goal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At 7.30 in the morning on 3 June, a seven-month-old baby died in the intensive care unit of the European Gaza Hospital in the Gaza Strip. His name was Zein Ad-Din Mohammed Zu’rob, and he was suffering from a lung infection which was treatable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Denied basic equipment, the doctors in Gaza could do nothing. For weeks, the child’s parents had sought a permit from the Israelis to allow them to take him to a hospital in Jerusalem, where he would have been saved. Like many desperately sick people who apply for these permits, the parents were told they had never applied. Even if they had arrived at the Erez Crossing with an Israeli document in their hands, the odds are that they would have been turned back for refusing the demands of officials to spy or collaborate in some way.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Is it an irresponsible overstatement,” asked Richard Falk, the United Nations special rapporteur for human rights in the occupied Palestinian territories and emeritus professor of international law at Princeton University, who is Jewish, “to associate the treatment of Palestinians with [the] criminalised Nazi record of collective atrocity? I think not.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Falk was describing Israel’s massacre in December and January of hundreds of helpless civilians in Gaza, many of them children. Reporters called this a “war”. Since then, normality has returned to Gaza. Most children are malnourished and sick, and almost all exhibit the symptoms of psychiatric disturbance, such as horrific nightmares, depression and incontinence. There is a long list of items that Israel bans from Gaza. This includes equipment to clean up the toxic detritus of Israel’s US munitions, which is the suspected cause of rising cancer rates. Toys and playground equipment, such as slides and swings, are also banned. I saw the ruins of a fun fair, riddled with bullet holes, which Israeli “settlers” had used as a sniping target.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The day after Baby Zu’rob died in Gaza, President Barack Obama made his “historic” speech in Cairo, “reaching out to the Muslim world”, reported the BBC. “Just as it devastates Palestinian families, the continuing humanitarian crisis in Gaza,” said Obama, “does not serve Israel’s security.” That was all. The killing of 1,300 people in what is now a concentration camp merited 17 words, cast as concern for the “security” of the killers. This was understandable. During the January massacre, Seymour Hersh reported that “the Obama team let it be known that it would not object to the planned resupply of ‘smart bombs’ and other hi-tech ordnance that was already flowing to Israel” for use in Gaza.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obama’s one criticism of Israel was that “the United States does not accept the legitimacy of continued Israeli settlements... It is time for these settlements to stop.” These fortresses on Palestinian land, manned by religious fanatics from America and elsewhere, have been outlawed by the UN Security Council and the International Court of Justice. Pointedly, Obama made no mention of the settlements that already honeycomb the occupied territories and make an independent Palestinian state impossible, which is their purpose.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obama demanded that the “cycle of suspicion and discord must end”. Every year, for more than a generation, the UN has called on Israel to end its illegal and violent occupation of post-1967 Palestine and has voted for “the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination”. Every year, those voting against these resolutions have been the governments of Israel and the United States and one or two of America’s Pacific dependencies; last year Robert Mugabe’s Zimbabwe joined them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Such is the true “cycle” in the Middle East, which is rarely reported as the relentless rejection of the rule of law by Israel and the United States: a law in whose name the wrath of Washington came down on Saddam Hussein when he invaded Kuwait, a law which, if upheld and honoured, would bring peace and security to both Palestine and Israel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Instead, Obama spoke in Cairo as if his and previous White House administrations were neutral, almost divine brokers of peace, instead of rapacious backers and suppliers of the invader (along with Britain). This Orwellian illogic remains the standard for what western journalists call the “Israel-Palestine conflict”, which is almost never reported in terms of the law, of right and wrong, of justice and injustice – Darfur, yes, Zimbabwe, yes, but never Palestine. Orwell’s ghost again stirred when Obama denounced “violent extremists in Afghanistan and now Pakistan [who are] determined to kill as many Americans as they possibly can”. America’s invasion and slaughter in these countries went unmentioned. It, too, is divine.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Naturally, unlike George W Bush, Obama did not say that “you’re either with us or against us”. He smiled the smile and uttered “many eloquent mood-music paragraphs and a smattering of quotations from the Holy Quran”, noted the American international lawyer John Whitbeck. Beyond this, Obama offered no change, no plan, only a “tired, morally bankrupt American mantra [which] essentially argues that only the rich, the strong, the oppressors and the enforcers of injustice (notably the Americans and Israelis) have the right to use violence, while the poor, the weak, the oppressed and the victims of oppression must... submit to their fate and accept whatever crumbs their betters may magnanimously deign suitable to let fall from their table”. And he offered not the slightest recognition that the world’s most numerous victims of terrorism are people of Muslim faith – a terrorism of western origin that dares not speak its name.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In his “reaching out” in Cairo, as in his “anti-nuclear” speech in Berlin, as in the “hope” he spun at his inauguration, this clever young politician is playing the part for which he was drafted and promoted. This is to present a benign, seductive, even celebrity face to American power, which can then proceed towards its strategic goal of dominance, regardless of the wishes of the rest of humanity and the rights and lives of our children.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-3896749584690022270?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/3896749584690022270/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=3896749584690022270' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/3896749584690022270'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/3896749584690022270'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/smile-on-face-of-tiger.html' title='Smile on the face of the tiger'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYTZTipYKI/AAAAAAAACxo/3ciLO7AiS14/s72-c/1223746953859_0.7332970235007041.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-6034577016558203136</id><published>2009-06-27T05:38:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-27T05:39:26.037-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='johnpilger.com'/><title type='text'>Back to the point of departure</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYS9nkgotI/AAAAAAAACxg/e_PvEBaVNWI/s1600-h/1223746953859_0.7332970235007041.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 176px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYS9nkgotI/AAAAAAAACxg/e_PvEBaVNWI/s200/1223746953859_0.7332970235007041.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5351986056979849938" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In his latest column for the New Statesman, John Pilger reflects on the idea of a journey, and wonders, like TS Eliot, if the point of travelling is also to find out where you came from. However, the unsuspected and tragic can change everything.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TS Eliot wrote that the point of any journey was to find out where you came from. As I bore my bulging canvas bag to the wharf at Circular Quay, not far from where my Irish great-great-grandparents had landed in leg irons, I hoped the point of my journey would become clearer once my ship had sailed. The Bretagne was my ship; it was white with blue stripes along the side and had a graceful bow, having been built in Saint-Nazaire as a modest version of the mighty Normandie. Alas, long veins of rust showed, and the crew looked morose. A Greek company now owned it, and the previous day had decanted 600 Greek brides.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The brides had been married “by proxy” in Greece to men in Australia they had never met. It worked this way. Young Greek (and Italian) men emigrated to Australia in the postwar years to work in the outback or at night in factories. When the authorities realised an entire gender was missing, they encouraged young women in Greece to write to their bereft male compatriots on the other side of the world. This often resulted in a wedding with the groom present only in a photograph pinned to the wedding cake. When a bride ship docked, anxious men and women would hold up photographs to identify the wife or husband they had never laid eyes on. Unfortunately, some hearts would change during the month-long voyage, producing a certain anarchy on arrival.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My Australian generation filled these ships on the return voyage to Europe, squeezing into six-berth cabins below the Plimsoll line in order to reach that mystical place called OT (“over there”). On the wharf that May day, aged 22, I told my mother I would be back in a year or two. “You won’t be back,” she said. With departure delayed 12 hours because Captain Nick was missing, we sang our umpteenth “Auld Lang Syne”, and the beer and tears ran dry; and finally we steamed out into the Pacific. I thought I could see my father’s silhouette on the headland; someone flashed their headlights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have read about fellow expatriates who insist that, from a tender age, they longed for cultural betterment elsewhere. Clive James comes to mind. As the bride ship slid into its first trough of green ocean, and salt spray cascaded over those of us still looking back, I was smitten with what I thought was seasickness but was really homesickness; rather like some tropical maladies, it recurs all your life and there is no cure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Having made it to Singapore, Captain Nick missed, perhaps literally, the next port (Colombo) for reasons unexplained. As we crossed the Indian Ocean, with fresh water rationed for reasons unexplained, the horizon became a see-sawing line etched in my vision. The tiny, always empty dance floor remained at an angle and the Italian band were to be found at the rails, lime-green of pallor. Affordable alcohol ran dry for reasons unexplained, with the exception of sweet vermouth. Entertainment was provided by a fight between a Greek officer, known as Matinee Idol, and a New Zealander who had thrown him into the ship’s minuscule pool when we crossed the Equator. I interviewed a sheepshearer who was going home to Greece. When the interview was published, the headline asked, “Is this the shortest shearer in Australia?”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then, one morning, there were red cliffs and, beyond, the Suez Canal. At Aden, I paid £12 for a Hermes Baby typewriter, which accompanied me to places of upheaval for 30 years, minus only the letter “m”. When we landed at Genoa, I fell to the ground. Two years later, the bride ship blew up without loss of life, for reasons unexplained.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The journey taught me how immense the world is, and I remain in awe at the sheer magic of a flight that covers the same 13,000 miles in a day and a night. That said, when the pilot flying a cargo of rifles, ammunition, stockfish and me into the Biafran War at night bellowed, as we approached the ghostly outline of a dirt road littered with the wreckage of aircraft, “Turn the fucking lights on, so I know where to put this thing!”, I was also in awe at my own fragility and fear. Mind you, the art deco piano bar flying across the United States was no less surreal. You can take a shower on the new Airbus A380, after your massage. The magic has become routine, as if the epic scale of things no longer applies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That is not quite true, and the trigger for these reflections is a poignant story of a journey that was on the front pages recently, but briefly, having now succumbed to Gordon Brown’s perennial crisis and the venality of his associates. Yet it lingers on. A backpack and a vaccination card were found, and a laptop, and there was a photograph on the web of a container holding the few bodies found floating where Flight AF447 went down on 1 June.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have flown by Air France from Paris to Rio, the fatal route in reverse, and I remember the place where the trade winds collide and the ocean is sucked into the sky and becomes a vortex of a kind. My aircraft then – a Boeing 707 – rose and fell, rose and fell. The fake starlight window in the ceiling provided reassurance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The news of Flight AF447 is now all but forgotten. I read a dignified statement by Jane and Robin Bjoroy, the parents of Alexander, aged 11, who had visited them during his half-term holiday and was on his way back to school in Bristol on AF447. They said their son’s death was tragic. It certainly was that, and perhaps a reminder of the epic scale of things.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-6034577016558203136?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/6034577016558203136/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=6034577016558203136' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/6034577016558203136'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/6034577016558203136'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/back-to-point-of-departure.html' title='Back to the point of departure'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYS9nkgotI/AAAAAAAACxg/e_PvEBaVNWI/s72-c/1223746953859_0.7332970235007041.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-3568722251984383486</id><published>2009-06-27T05:31:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-27T05:35:23.639-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desde el Atlántico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><title type='text'>Crisis en Irán: ¿quien desestabiliza?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYSATuxi7I/AAAAAAAACxY/6alrAjslJmk/s1600-h/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYSATuxi7I/AAAAAAAACxY/6alrAjslJmk/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5351985003682171826" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Irán vive momentos de convulsión. El desencadenante ha sido el resultado de las elecciones presidenciales en el que ha habido fraudes que denuncia la oposición. Pero antes y durante, se multiplican los actos terroristas en Irán. Y ello plantea la cuestión de quien puede estar utilizando el fraude electoral o el terrorismo para conseguir sus objetivos políticos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I. Atentados terroristas recientes en Irán.&lt;br /&gt;Se han multiplicado los atentados terroristas en Irán, antes y después de las elecciones presidenciales. Recapitulemos:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Atentado suicida contra el mausoleo del Imán Jomeini (21-VI-2009)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    El resultado de víctimas varía según las fuentes. Algunas hablan de dos muertos y ocho heridos&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Este es el primer atentado que se comete en Teherán desde la década de los ochenta. El jueves, el Ministerio de Inteligencia reveló que el día de los comicios las fuerzas de seguridad habían desactivado acciones planeados contra centros de votación. Además, señaló que los terroristas tenían «vínculos» con enemigos externos de Irán, en alusión directa a Estados Unidos e Israel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. La policía iraní desactiva una bomba colocada en un avión de pasajeros en el que iba a viajar el ex-presidente Jatami (30-V-2009)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. 25 muertos al estallar una bomba en una mezquita iraní (28-V-2009)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;II. Fraude electoral en Irán&lt;br /&gt;Las autoridades han reconocido que ha habido un fraude electoral.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    El portavoz del Consejo de los Guardianes, máximo órgano legislativo iraní, Abbas Alí Kadjodaei, reconoció hoy irregularidades en las elecciones que afectarían a al menos tres millones de votos que fueron contabilizados, a pesar de que con ellos se superase el número de personas censadas. El Gobierno iraní ha vuelto a acusar a los países occidentales, sobre todo a EEUU, Reino Unido y Francia, de fomentar “la anarquía y el vandalismo” en las protestas por el fraude electoral.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pero, ¿quien está detrás del fraude? ¿el gobierno iraní... o quien pretende destabilizar al gobierno iraní con protestas por el fraude?&lt;br /&gt;Sería necesario rastrear el origen de esas papeletas de más que están en las urnas y que han provocado estas graves revueltas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III. Acusaciones de Irán contra USA e Israel&lt;br /&gt;Después del más sangriento de estos atentados, el de 28 de mayo, las autoridades iraníes acusaron a los USA e Israel:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    AJN.- En la oración del viernes, el ayatolá Ahmad Khatami reveló que hay indicios de la participación de Estados Unidos e Israel en el reciente bombardeo a una mezquita en Zahedan. De acuerdo a la información oficial, el ataque dejó un total de 25 muertos y 125 heridos&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los USA desmintieron esta implicación.&lt;br /&gt;No me consta que Israel haya desmentido la acusación.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IV. Otras hipótesis.&lt;br /&gt;Junto a estas hipótesis cabría añadir otras: como la de implicación de Arabia Saudí, notorio enemigo de Irán o incluso que el propio régimen esté detrás de los atentados y del fraude electoral.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;V. Lo que dicen los indicios.&lt;br /&gt;Los indicios existentes, sin embargo, parecen avalar la tesis iraní.&lt;br /&gt;Recordemos lo que se publicó hace un año.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los demócratas autorizaron fondos para acciones secretas en Irán (1-VII-208)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    ANNA GRAU. CORRESPONSAL EN NUEVA YORK. 1-7-2008 07:53:06&lt;br /&gt;    George W. Bush pidió al Congreso y al Senado norteamericanos 400 millones de dólares (más de 250 millones de euros) para acciones secretas con el objetivo de desestabilizar el actual régimen de Irán, y los obtuvo. Los fondos se adjudicaron previo informe presidencial altamente clasificado. Una instrucción forzosamente conocida por la llamada «banda de los ocho» en el control parlamentario de los servicios secretos, que incluye al jefe de la mayoría demócrata en el Senado, Harry Reid, la portavoz de la Cámara de Representantes, Nancy Pelosi, el presidente de la comisión de Inteligencia del Senado, John D. Rockefeller IV, y su hómologo en la Cámara de Representantes, Silvestre Reyes.&lt;br /&gt;    Lo cuenta en la revista «The New Yorker» un prestigioso periodista militar, Seymour Hersh, que lleva meses denunciando una sorda guerra interna en las cumbres de Washington entre los partidarios de atacar militarmente Irán y los que dicen que eso sería un error. Esta última postura le costó la dimisión a quien fuera hasta hace poco máximo responsable militar en Próximo Oriente, el almirante William Fallon.&lt;br /&gt;    No es ni mucho menos la primera vez que EE.UU. apadrina acciones secretas en Irán. Pero sí sería la primera vez en mucho tiempo que las acciones adquieren tanta envergadura y que obtienen, además, el apoyo de la mayoría demócrata, justo cuando su presidenciable Barack Obama plantea un tratamiento exclusivamente diplomático de los conflictos con Teherán.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Washington multiplica las operaciones secretas en Irán (1-VII-2008)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    El Congreso autorizó una partida de 400 millones de dólares para financiarlas&lt;br /&gt;    Óscar Santamaría | Corresponsal 1/7/2008&lt;br /&gt;    El Congreso de Estados Unidos aceptó la petición del presidente George W. Bush y autorizó una partida especial de 400 millones de dólares para financiar operaciones secretas en Irán, destinadas a socavar el régimen de Teherán y propiciar un cambio de Gobierno.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Así lo afirma en el próximo número de la revista The New Yorker el periodista Seymour Hersh, quien en las mismas páginas destapó las torturas en Abu Ghraib, cuyas imágenes dieron la vuelta al mundo. En su largo artículo, anticipado en Internet y basado en documentos clasificados, señala que la aprobación de esta partida tuvo lugar a finales del año pasado y supuso la luz verde para «acelerar y ampliar» la campaña que Washington lanzó contra Irán meses antes, destinada sobre todo a crear un ambiente de inestabilidad social y política que propicie un cambio de régimen, minando de paso sus ambiciones nucleares.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Para tal fin, agentes especiales estadounidenses se han reunido con grupos opositores a los que ayudan económicamente. Estas acciones encubiertas llevadas a cabo por fuerzas especiales no son nuevas, según el artículo, pero sí se han visto incrementadas ahora.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    La Casa Blanca declinó comentar estas informaciones. Sí lo hizo el embajador estadounidense en Irak, Ryan Crocker, que señaló a la CNN que no las había leído, pero rechazó que agentes especiales hubieran cruzado la frontera desde Irak para llevar a cabo estas operaciones. «Diré de plano que las fuerzas estadounidenses no están operando en Irán a través de la frontera con Irak, en el sur ni en ninguna otra parte».&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;REFLEXIÓN FINAL&lt;br /&gt;Si por un problema de comisiones ilegales entre Francia y Pakistán se asesina a 14 personas, ¿cuánto vale eliminar a un gobierno?"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-3568722251984383486?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/3568722251984383486/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=3568722251984383486' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/3568722251984383486'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/3568722251984383486'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/crisis-en-iran-quien-desestabiliza.html' title='Crisis en Irán: ¿quien desestabiliza?'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYSATuxi7I/AAAAAAAACxY/6alrAjslJmk/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-8241192114596468477</id><published>2009-06-27T05:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-27T05:31:26.163-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desde el Atlántico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><title type='text'>La ocupación marroquí del Sahara: ¿coste o negocio?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYRF2K_JMI/AAAAAAAACxQ/91mqYJO9md0/s1600-h/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYRF2K_JMI/AAAAAAAACxQ/91mqYJO9md0/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5351983999315027138" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La ocupación del Sahara ¿es un un sacrificio o un negocio para Marruecos? Los partidarios objetivos del majzén dicen que esa ocupación supone un "gran coste" para Marruecos. Los partidarios de la independencia sostienen que es un auténtico negocio en virtud de la expoliación de las riquezas del territorio. La cuestión no nos da igual, porque si Marruecos se está enriqueciendo no se ve la razón de que le regalemos nuestro dinero. La revista Forbes investiga en la fortuna de Mohamed VI y nos da pistas para tener una respuesta.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Una conocida revista marroquí, aparentemente crítica con el majzén, titulaba su número 368 así, "El caro, muy caro Sahara".&lt;br /&gt;El reportaje aparecía unos pocos meses después de que el periodista noruego, Erik Hagen,en su ponencia presentada en un congreso sobre el Sahara Occidental celebrado en Pretoria en diciembre dijera:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Los ingresos anuales para Marruecos de los fosfatos de Bucraa en 2008 ascenderían a cerca de 1700 millones de dólares, el equivalente a dar 10 000 dólares a cada uno de los refugiados saharauis anualmente. La ayuda multilateral a los campamentos de refugiados en 2007 equivale al 1,7 % de los ingresos estimados de Bucraa en 2008, considerando un precio de 414 dólares/tonelada y una exportación de 4 millones de toneladas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dos visiones diferentes...&lt;br /&gt;Ahora la revista Forbes nos ofrece su perspectiva&lt;br /&gt;En un artículo sobre la fortuna amasada por Mohamed VI titulado "El rey de las rocas" (de fosfatos) dice:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    La mayor parte de las familias reales han tenido que apretarse el cinturón este año, mientras sus fortunas caen en picado. Pero no es el caso del rey de Marruecos, Mohamed VI, cuyos 12 palacios suponen 1 millón de dólares diarios de gastos de mantenimiento. El beneficio neto de su fortuna ha sido de entre 1000 a 2500 millones de dólares este año(...).&lt;br /&gt;    La salvación de su fortuna es el cuasi-monopolio que su país tiene en la materia prima del fosfato. Un componente clave en los fertilizante, el fósforo tal y como se encuentra en la roca de fosfato es esencial para la producción mundial de alimentos. "No se puede sobrevivir sin fosfato, cada célula de tu cuerpo depende de él", dice Michael Lloyd, director del Instituto de Investigación sobre el Fosfato de Florida.&lt;br /&gt;    Marruecos controla casi la mitad de las reservas mundiales de fosfato. El último año, el país norteafricano extrajo 28 millones de toneladas de roca de fosfato, haciendo de él el tercer mayor productor del mundo, tras China y USA y el mayor exportador. Los ingresos de la roca de fosfato comportan la mitad de los ingresos del país.&lt;br /&gt;    Es un buen negocio. El monopolio estatal de fosfatos, OCP, alcanzó un beneficio neto estimado el último año de 2,8 mil millones de dólares. Un beneficio multiplicado por nueve respecto al año anterior, gracias a la elevación del precio de los fosfatos, que alcanzaron en julio de 2008 el precio de 500 dólares la tonelada (...)&lt;br /&gt;    "Este es un dato con el que hay que contar: la industria marroquí de fertilizantes está controlada por el gobierno", dice Lloyd. "En los años '70 podías conseguir fosfato por 4 dólares. Pero un día los marroquíes decidieron subir el precio a 20 dólares". Otro analista estima que la subida de precios el año pasado se debió a las maniobras de la OCP (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Este año las presiones descendentes han hecho bajar el precio debajo de los 200 dólares, pero esto ha sido suficiente para que el rey Mohamed haya subido hasta el puesto nº 7 en la lista de los monarcas más adinerados.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Pero también hay amenazas políticas. (...) Un sexto de los fosfatos provienen del Sahara Occidental.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;España vive una crisis económica pavorosa. Y el rey de Marruecos pasa a ser la séptima fortuna real más grande del mundo.&lt;br /&gt;Pues bien, el 15 de junio la agencia oficial de prensa marroquí informa de que acabamos de regalar 3 millones de euros a Marruecos para "cooperación".&lt;br /&gt;Y es que, como es notorio, somos ricos y Mohamed VI pobre. No tiene dinero para crear escuelas u hospitales en su país. Tenemos que ayudarles.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-8241192114596468477?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/8241192114596468477/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=8241192114596468477' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8241192114596468477'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8241192114596468477'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/la-ocupacion-marroqui-del-sahara-coste.html' title='La ocupación marroquí del Sahara: ¿coste o negocio?'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYRF2K_JMI/AAAAAAAACxQ/91mqYJO9md0/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-8984113012042798851</id><published>2009-06-27T05:27:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-27T05:29:23.736-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desde el Atlántico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><title type='text'>¿Qué hay detrás de la farsa del "yihadismo"? La justicia francesa se asoma al abismo</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYQmMAjAtI/AAAAAAAACxI/BxURlyT8OhM/s1600-h/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYQmMAjAtI/AAAAAAAACxI/BxURlyT8OhM/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5351983455421006546" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;¿Cuántos de los atentados que dicen de "Al Qaida" son verdaderamente de "Al Qaida"? Un tribunal francés acaba de echar por tierra, siete años después, la tesis de que Al Qaida fue quien asesinó a 11 franceses en un hotel de Karachi (Pakistán). Y si no fue "Al Qaida". ¿quien fue? La justicia francesa apunta a los servicios de inteligencia de Pakistán. Otra nueva prueba de la siniestra conexión de los servicios secretos con el terrorismo. Pero la justicia francesa va más allá, ¿por qué fue? Y la respuesta nos asoma al abismo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Definitivamente, los de la ideología de la amenaza yihadista no ganan para disgustos. Uno de los atentados que incluían en el "curriculum" de Al Qaida no es obra de "yihadistas" sino que parece ser ¡oh, ¿sorpresa?! de los servicios secretos.&lt;br /&gt;Pero lo que se empieza a conocer sobre el atentado de Karachi no sólo nos descubre quien está verdaderamente detrás del terrorismo, sino que nos descubre el por qué.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I. LOS HECHOS&lt;br /&gt;1. El atentado.&lt;br /&gt;Día 8 de mayo de 2002. Cerca del hotel "Sheraton" de Karachi, Pakistán, un suicida hace explotar un coche bomba. Resultado: 14 muertos. 11 de ellos técnicos e ingenieros franceses que participaban en la construcción de un submarino. Se trata del atentado con mayor número de víctimas extranjeras que ha habido en Pakistán.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Red de mentiras. Comienza la intoxicación de la opinión pública. Tesis oficial: ha sido Al Qaida.&lt;br /&gt;Inmediatamente después del atentado se inicia el proceso de intoxicación de la opinión pública. La policía y el servicio secreto pakistaníes insinúan la responsabilidad de "Al Qaida" e incluso del servicio secreto indio. Y, por supuesto, el gobierno, la policía y los servicios secretos pakistaníes son entidades que sólo buscan la seguridad de los ciudadanos.&lt;br /&gt;Reproduzco, traducidos, unos párrafos de una información de "Le Nouvel Observateur" de apenas unos días después (11 de mayo de 2002):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    "no hemos visto esto nunca antes: el recurso al atentado suicida. ..." ha subrayado el viernes el general Rashid Quereshi, portavoz del gobierno pakistaní.&lt;br /&gt;    El responsable reconoce que "este atentado suicida (supone) una dimensión completamente nueva y peligrosa" del terrorismo en su país. "El gobierno y el presidente han decidido actuar enérgicamente contra este acto terrorista y el uso de kamikazes" ha asegurado en una entrevista a la agencia Associated Press.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    La red "Al Qaida" y los musulmanes extremistas pakistaníes son los principales sospechosos (...). Es el tercer ataque contra extranjeros en Pakistán desde que el presidente Pervez Musharraf ha prohibido en enero cinco movimientos islamistas, de los cuales la mayor parte tenían vínculos con la organización de Osama Ben Laden y se oponínan al apoyo de Islamabad a la guerra en Afganistán.&lt;br /&gt;    "Los elementos extremistas en Pakistán y Al Qaida están ciertamente muy descontentos de que Pakistán apoye tan fuertemente la guerra contra el terrorismo", estima el general Quereshi , que precisa que las fuerzas de seguridad pakistaníes están en pie de guerra.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    La India, el gran rival vecino, ha condenado el atentado, pero el general Quereshi subraya que su país aún estudia la hipótesis de una implicación de Nueva Delhi.&lt;br /&gt;    "Investigamos para saber si servicios secretos extranjeros podrían manipular a elementos extremistas".&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Más de 300 presuntos militantes islamistas han sido interrogados en el país después del atentado, de los cuales algunos pertenecerían a los movimientos "Yaish-e-Mohamed" y "Sipah-e-Sahaba". Los dos grupos son conocidos por tener vínculos directos con Al Qaida y sus dirigentes ha pasado tiempo en Afganistán bajo el régimen de los talibanes, según fuentes afganas y pakistaníes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Detenciones para reforzar la tesis oficial.&lt;br /&gt;Para reforzar la tesis oficial, la policía pakistaní detiene y acusa a un "yihadista". Le Nouvel Observateur informa de ello, el 19 de septiembre de 2002:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    El gobierno pakistaní ha anunciado el arresto de 7 personas ligadas al terrorismo. Una de ellas "es sospechosa de haber ideado el atentado contra un autobús cerca del hotel Sheraton en Karachi&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Todas las personas detenidas pertenecerían a una rama de la organización "Harkat-ul-Mujahdeen" que combate al Ejército indio en Cachemira y que es conocida por tener vínculos con la red "Al Qaida" de Osama Ben Laden.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Condenas a muerte para remachar la tesis oficial.&lt;br /&gt;Para "consolidar" la tesis oficial no sólo hubo detenciones. Los tribunales también pusieron su "granito de arena", gracias a la existencia de una legislación "antiterrorista", según informa Le Nouvel Observateur el 4 de julio de 2003:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    El tribunal antiterrorista de Karachi ha condenado el lunes a la muerte por horca a dos militantes islamistas reconocidos como culpables de haber organizado el atentado de 8 de mayo de 2002&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Estoy satisfecho con el veredicto. Había pruebas abrumadoras contra los dos hombres y el juez ha tomado la decisión correcta", ha dicho el fiscal Maula Bakhsh Bhatti.&lt;br /&gt;    El abogado de los procesados ha anunciado que recurrirá. Ha estimado que el asunto debiera haber concluido con una absolución, pero, ha denunciado, "ha habido vicios de forma en los testimonios de la acusación".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. ... y dudas sobre la tesis oficial.&lt;br /&gt;Sin embargo, pronto surgieron dudas. Según informaba el semanario francés L'Express (6 de abril de 2006):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Existen serias dudas sobre su implicación (de los detenidos), al menos en este asunto... Dudas que descansan sobre elementos materiales.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Los análisis (del explosivo) confirmados por expertos americanos revelan que se trata de explosivos rompientes, de tipo militar. Ahora bien, los detenidos y condenados utilizaban material artesanal (...)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;II. LA IDEOLOGÍA DE LA "AMENAZA YIHADISTA" INCORPORA EL ATENTADO DE KARACHI A SU "ARGUMENTARIO"&lt;br /&gt;Uno de los autores habituales de artículos sobre la "amenaza yihadista" ha incluido el atentado de Karachi en la lista de atentados del "yihadismo" de "Al Qaida" en dos trabajos publicados en varias páginas webs. El asunto tiene su interés porque en el más reciente de esos trabajos sigue atribuyendo a "Al Qaida" los atentados de Bombay cuando ya se conocía la implicación de los servicios secretos pakistaníes en ellos:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- ¿Cuál será el próximo atentado de Al Qaeda? (14 de septiembre de 2006)&lt;br /&gt;En este trabajo el atentado de Karachi se atribuía, sin duda, a Al Qaida.&lt;br /&gt;Obsérvese, sin embargo, que ya cinco meses antes el semanario L'Express informaba de indicios sólidos de que esa tesis no era creíble.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Evaluando la amenaza yihadista: repercusiones para la Alianza Atlántica (7 de abril de 2009)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    "En el programa ideológico del yihadismo se encuentra el deseo de expulsar cualquier tipo de influjo no islámico del mundo musulmán. (...) La tradicional preferencia por atacar embajadas, consideradas por los yihadistas como las antenas a través de las cuales los países occidentales controlan y subyugan al mundo musulmán, ha sido desplazada por el ataque contra otros objetivos menos protegidos, pero igualmente importantes, y repletos de simbolismo. Golpeando el turismo en estos países (...) se (...) compromete las fuentes económicas y debilita los regímenes políticos calificados de “apóstatas”. Este tipo de ataques pretenden igualmente que los musulmanes asocien la cercanía a determinadas marcas comerciales o emblemas extranjeros como una clara exposición al peligro. En esta línea, en los últimos años se han producido ataques (...) contra el hotel (...) Sheraton en Karachi, (...) y los más recientes y devastadores ataques contra intereses turísticos en Bombay.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obsérvese que en este trabajo, publicado el 7 de abril de 2009, se siguen atribuyendo los atentados de Bombay al "yihadismo", a pesar de que quedó claramente demostrado, al menos desde principios de enero de 2009, la implicación de los servicios secretos de Pakistán en esos atentados supuestamente obra del "yihadismo" de "Al Qaida".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III. PERO NO ERA AL QAIDA NI EL YIHADISMO&lt;br /&gt;Seis años después, los condenados fueron absueltos. Información del día 5 de mayo de 2009:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Asif Zaheer y Mohammad Rizwan habían sido detenidos en diciembre de 2002 y condenados el año siguiente por un tribunal antiterrorista por pertenencia a un grupo de activistas de Al Qaida.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    "El tribunal ha estimado que la acusación no había establecido pruebas contra mis clientes", ha declarado el abogado Mohammad Faruq a Reuters.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IV. LO QUE LA FARSA DEL "YIHADISMO" OCULTA. EL ABISMO&lt;br /&gt;El día 5 de enero de 2009 escribí en este blog:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    También los atentados de Bombay han sido atribuidos a una organización "yihadista" de la "órbita de Al Qaeda". Y también aquí, el espantajo de la "amenaza" "yihadista" no es más que un medio de ocultar algo más grave y siniestro: la comisión de atentados terroristas por los servicios secretos bajo la cobertura de supuestos grupos islamistas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por lo demás, las implicaciones del servicio secreto pakistaní en las actividades terroristas y su instrumentalización de "Al Qaida" fueron reconocidas por el mismísimo Bruce Riedel, consejero del presidente Obama para asuntos de Oriente Medio en una entrevista en The Spiegel publicada el 8 de abril de 2009.&lt;br /&gt;La conclusión es que no sería novedoso, para un verdadero experto en terrorismo, advertir la implicación de los servicios secretos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pero lo que está descubriendo la justicia francesa es aún más siniestro. No sólo se apunta directamente a los servicios secretos pakistaníes como autores del atentado-suicida de Karachi de 8 de mayo de 2002. Es que, y esto es igual de grave, el atentado sería la "respuesta" al fin del pago de comisiones por Francia a Pakistán a cambio de que este país comprase sus armas. Dicho de otra manera, el "terrorismo" aparecería como el "lenguaje" a través del cual los Estados tratan de asuntos económicos turbios.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reproduzco esta escalofriante información de Le Nouvel Observateur, de 19 de junio de 2009:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    La investigación sobre el atentado de Karachi se orienta hacia un "asunto entre Estados"&lt;br /&gt;    NOUVELOBS.COM | 19.06.2009 | 19:05&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    El atentado, que provocó 14 muertos, de entre ellos 11 ingenieros franceses en 2002, no estaría ligado a Al Qaida, sino que se habría cometido como represalia por el no pago de comisiones por Francia a Pakistán en el marco de la venta de submarinos.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    (se trataría) de un "asunto entre Estados" en el que aparecen los nombres de Edouard Balladur, Jacques Chirac y Nicolas Sarkozy.&lt;br /&gt;    Según el abogado de siete familias de víctimas, Olivier Morice, que se ha reunido el jueves 18 de junio con los jueces antiterroristas Marc Trévidic e Yves Jannier, "la pista Al Qaida está totalmente abandonada. El móvil del atentado aparece ligado al fin del pago de comisiones" por Francia a Pakistán, en el marco de la venta de submarinos Agosta, precisa el abogado. Las "retro-comisiones" podrían haber formado parte de la financiación de la campaña electoral de Edouard Balladur en 1995, por medio de una sociedad (Heine) creada con el consentimiento de Nicolas Sarkozy, en aquel momento ministro de Presupuestos.&lt;br /&gt;    Esas comisions se habrían parado con la llegada de Jacques Chirac a la presidencia de la República en 1995, a fin de que las "retro-comisiones" destinadas a financiar la campaña de Edouard Balladur, Primer Ministro antes de la llegada de Jacques Chirac a la presidencia "no fuesen pagadas" afirma el abogado Oliver Morice.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Según este escenario, el atentado de Karachi habría sido cometido en represalia por el no pago de comisiones distribuidas por el actual jefe de Estado pakistaní, Asif Ali Zardari, entonces Primer Ministro, ha añadido Magali Drouet, (...) defendida por Oliver Morice. "Se trata de un asunto entre Estados, que implica a Francia, Pakistán y Arabia Saudí, recaudadora de fondos para Pakistán", ha añadido. Esta pista habría surgido bruscamente en 2008, en el marco de una investigación sobre presuntos hechos de corrupción y venta de armas.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Uno de estos documentos, bautizado Nautilus, y no firmado, hablaba de una "instrumentalización" de militantes islamistas por miembros de los servicios secretos pakistaníes y del Ejército. Indicaba que "el atentado de Karachi ha sido realizado gracias a las complicidades del Ejército (pakistaní) en el seno de las oficinas de apoyo a las guerrillas islamistas" de los servicios secretos pakistaníes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Si por unas comisiones ilegales se asesina a 14 personas, ¿cuánto vale eliminar a un gobierno?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-8984113012042798851?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/8984113012042798851/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=8984113012042798851' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8984113012042798851'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8984113012042798851'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/que-hay-detras-de-la-farsa-del.html' title='¿Qué hay detrás de la farsa del &quot;yihadismo&quot;? La justicia francesa se asoma al abismo'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYQmMAjAtI/AAAAAAAACxI/BxURlyT8OhM/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-1518584266928809755</id><published>2009-06-27T05:24:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-27T05:26:57.857-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desde el Atlántico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><title type='text'>La justicia británica frena los delirios "anti-terroristas": debemos tomar nota</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYQCd7y4uI/AAAAAAAACxA/yMYZPgUzLO0/s1600-h/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYQCd7y4uI/AAAAAAAACxA/yMYZPgUzLO0/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5351982841757623010" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los que dicen defendernos del "terrorismo" son los peores enemigos de nuestro Estado de Derecho. Lo he dicho aquí y no me cansaré de repetirlo. Ahora, la justicia británica, en una decisión importantísima vuelve a reiterarlo. La prensa española, siempre presta a difundir las tesis de la ideología de la "amenaza yihadista" ha silenciado la sentencia de la justicia británica. No es casualidad: esa decisión nos interpela, lo que hace aún más escandaloso el silencio de la prensa escrita española.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Los hechos son indiscutibles.&lt;br /&gt;Los he recogido aquí, en este blog. Repito: no son suposiciones. Son hechos. Y se resumen en que:&lt;br /&gt;- las fuerzas de seguridad que dependen del Ministerio del Interior están fabricando pruebas falsas para encarcelar inocentes y hacer creer que en España estamos bajo una "amenaza yihadista";&lt;br /&gt;- el Ministerio Fiscal que depende del Ministerio de Justicia manipula pruebas para incriminar a inocentes y hacer creer que estamos bajo una peligrosísima "amenaza yihadista"&lt;br /&gt;- hay jueces complacientes que no dudan en violar la ley para ordenar la práctica de diligencias que permitan obtener "pruebas" ilegales para mantener la idea de que existe una "amenaza yihadista";&lt;br /&gt;- y hay una determinada prensa que, esgrimiendo las actuaciones antedichas de fuerzas de seguridad, fiscales y determinados jueces, intoxica a la opinión pública haciéndola creer que España está bajo una terrible "amenaza yihadista".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pero, afortunadamente, los hechos son que algunos tribunales, en España, en la UE y en el Consejo de Europa, no se prestan a esta siniestra farsa cuyo resultado sería convertir el Estado democrático en un Estado policial.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Pero los de la ideologia de la "amenaza yihadista" siguen amenazándonos.&lt;br /&gt;Algunos, inasequibles al desaliento, siguen diciendo que nuestro sistema tiene "debilidades" y que debería modificarse para "adaptarse" a la "nueva realidad" del "terrorismo yihadista".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yo aquí ya he dejado claro cuál es nuestro sistema y que tiene más que suficientes instrumentos para hacer frente al terrorismo.&lt;br /&gt;Igualmente, creo que he dejado claro que lo que buscan los de la ideología de la "amenaza yihadista" no es reforzar el Estado de Derecho y nuestras libertades sino mutilarlo. Lo que ha hecho USA con Guantánamo: un sistema donde no se aplican las garantías constitucionales.&lt;br /&gt;Pero, gracias a Dios, el sentido de la historia parece otro y la pesadilla parece que se va a acabar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. La justifica británica dice "no" a los abusos de la ideología de la "amenaza yihadista"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En el Reino Unido, el gobierno (¡un gobierno de izquierdas!) impulsó una legislación antiterrorista en la "línea Guantánamo". Ahora, el tribunal de los lores (el tribunal supremo del Reino Unido) acaba de dictar una importantísima sentencia frenando los abusos.&lt;br /&gt;Es una sentencia de 11 de junio, en un caso del Ministerio del Interior contra determinadas personas. El diario The Times se hizo eco de ella en portada, pero en España ni un sólo medio ha dado la noticia. Una de dos: o los corresponsales en Londres no se han enterado (improbable) o los directores en España frenaron la inoportuna noticia. Si esta última hipótesis es cierta habría que saber si fue por iniciativa propia o por "sugerencia" de alguien.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Resulta que en el Derecho británico, a fin de evitar las "debilidades" en la lucha contra el "yihadismo" se aprobó una legislación que no tenía nada que envidiar a Guantánamo y permitía detener indefinidamente a sospechosos sin necesidad de una acusación formal por ningún delito.&lt;br /&gt;El Tribunal de los Lores (el Supremo británico) dijo que eso era inaceptable.&lt;br /&gt;El gobierno, tras la decisión del Tribunal Supremo británico, y para evitar "debilidades" en la lucha contra el "yihadismo" aprobó en marzo de 2005 una legislación que permitía dictar unas "órdenes de control" (control orders) que vienen a ser una detención especial. En virtud de estas órdenes al sujeto se le impide el ejercicio de numerosos derechos. Para intentar sortear los reproches del Tribunal supremo británico, al afectado por una "orden de control" se le permite recurrirla, pero....¡¡¡sin poder acceder a los indicios o investigaciones de los servicios de inteligencia contra ellos!!! O sea, igual que con las Comisiones Militares de Guantánamo.&lt;br /&gt;Ahora, el Tribunal de los Lores ha vuelto a tumbar este abuso con una doctrina que tiene muchas repercusiones para España. Reproduzco los fragmentos más interesantes, a mi juicio, de entre los que refiere The Times:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Lord Phillips de Worth Matravers, juez decano del tribunal dijo: "un proceso nunca puede ser justo si a una de las partes en el mismo no se le deja conocer la acusación contra él"&lt;br /&gt;    Los otro nueve lores jueces asintieron. "El principio según el cual el acusado tiene derecho a conocer lo que se alega contra él tiene una larga historia... El principio fundamental es que todos tienen derecho a acceder a una documentación suficiente que le permita realmente contestar la acusación que se formula contra él", dijo Lord Hope.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Si el Estado de Derecho tiene que tener algún significado, es en casos como éstos donde el tribunal debe mantener el principio. Debe insistir en que a la persona afectada se le diga lo que se alega contra él".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. ¿Por qué los españoles debemos tomar nota?&lt;br /&gt;Es muy extraño que esta noticia no se haya difundido en España cuando hay tantos periodistas y medios tan obsesionados con estas cuestiones. Pero claro, los Lores dicen lo contrario de lo que ellos piden....&lt;br /&gt;Pero hay más. Y hay más porque la doctrina de los lores constituye un argumento importante contra el abuso en el uso del "secreto de sumario". Una técnica utilizada profusamente por el juez Garzón.&lt;br /&gt;Recordemos que en la sentencia de la llamada "operación Tigris" se dice esto:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    se llevó a cabo la detención policial de los encausados en diversas fechas, decretándose el secreto de las actuaciones por Auto de fecha 11.05.2004, no siendo levantado dicho secreto sino por Auto de 18.05.2007&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(folio 6).&lt;br /&gt;Es decir, que el Sr. Garzón, tuvo más de tres años en la cárcel a unos individuos que no pudieron defenderse al no poder conocer los hechos en los que se apoyaba la acusación. Exactamente lo que permiten las "órdenes de control" británicas que el tribunal de los lores ha declarado que son inaceptables en un Estado de Derecho y que son incompatibles con el derecho de defensa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por cierto, recordemos que, después de todo este calvario, como ya recogí aquí, cuando la Audiencia Nacional permitió a los detenidos defenderse se demostró que las "pruebas" contra ellos habían sido falseadas o manipuladas. Casi todos fueron absueltos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;¿Hasta cuando se va a permitir que un juez instructor utilice el secreto de sumario de forma abusiva?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-1518584266928809755?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/1518584266928809755/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=1518584266928809755' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/1518584266928809755'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/1518584266928809755'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/la-justicia-britanica-frena-los.html' title='La justicia británica frena los delirios &quot;anti-terroristas&quot;: debemos tomar nota'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SkYQCd7y4uI/AAAAAAAACxA/yMYZPgUzLO0/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-5090379379374515680</id><published>2009-06-10T06:43:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-10T06:46:33.422-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desde el Atlántico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><title type='text'>La muerte del dictador de Gabón destapa la financiación ilegal de los partidos</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Si-5MavhUcI/AAAAAAAACnw/qSRQVoxkTnc/s1600-h/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Si-5MavhUcI/AAAAAAAACnw/qSRQVoxkTnc/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5345694905700274626" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Acaba de morir un sujeto políticamente despreciable: Omar (née Alberto) Bongo. El dictador más antiguo de África. El mejor y más antiguo aliado de Marruecos en el continente. Uno de los más corruptos. Uno de los más inmorales. Su muerte ha destapado corrupción de la política exterior francesa. Ya antes se denunció cómo Marruecos hacía lo mismo que Bongo. Y los datos nos llevan a preguntarnos ¿está corrompiendo el majzén la partidos o políticos españoles?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Omar (nacido Albert antes de hacerse musulmán) Bongo era el dictador más antiguo de África: 41 años de tiranía, crímenes y corrupción en Gabón. Ha muerto el 8 de junio en Barcelona. Fue internado en España para su tratamiento terminal, porque en Francia, a pesar de sus conexiones, tenía abiertos casos por corrupción.&lt;br /&gt;Gabón es un importante productor de petróleo en el centro de África. Es uno de los países en los que se ha vertebrado la "Françafrique": un conglomerado de corrupción, fraudes y crímenes que ha impregnado la política exterior de Francia en el continente africano.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La muerte de Bongo ha traído una sorpresa: y es que aparezcan nuevos testimonios de la corrupción franco-africana.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PRIMER TESTIMONIO.&lt;br /&gt;Giscard d'Estaing ha denunciado que Bongo financió (ilegalmente, faltaría más) la campaña electoral de Chirac de 1981.&lt;br /&gt;Reproduzco fragmentos de un despacho de la agencia AFP:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    El ex presidente francés Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1974-1981) rompió este martes el silencio que rodea el tema de los financiamientos ocultos, al afirmar que el presidente gabonés financió en 1981 la campaña presidencial de Jacques Chirac, quien se presentaba contra él en la primera vuelta. Giscard, gran crítico de Chirac, dijo que llamó a Bongo y le dijo: "Usted apoya actualmente la campaña de mi rival", a lo que Bongo, tras un un corto silencio, le respondió, "¡Ah, usted lo sabe!". El ex mandatario dijo que "a partir de ese momento rompí relaciones personales con él".&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    La oficina del ex presidente Chirac no reaccionó a una pregunta sobre las declaraciones de Giscard d'Estaing.&lt;br /&gt;    El especialista Comi Toulabor dijo que las acusaciones de Valéry Giscard d'Estaing contra Chirac no son "sorprendentes". "Es algo que se sabe desde hace mucho tiempo, pero es difícil de probar", añadió.&lt;br /&gt;    Según el experto, Bongo dijo con frecuencia que si quería destruir a la clase política francesa, lo podía hacer, y "hasta su muerte, e incluso después, no se ha escuchado a un solo político francés criticarlo".&lt;br /&gt;    El ex ministro del Interior Charles Pasqua, también figura de la llamada 'Franciáfrica' y quien fue absuelto en el caso Elf de financiamientos ocultos que tenía ramificaciones que llegaban a Gabón, dijo que los financiamientos son "fantasmas" y que Bongo "tenía amigos en la izquierda y la derecha", a "nivel de presidentes de la República".&lt;br /&gt;    En general, los hombres políticos franceses cubrieron de elogios al difunto líder gabonés, salvo algunas excepciones.&lt;br /&gt;    La recién elegida diputada ecologista por Europa-Ecología Eva Joly, ex juez del caso Elf y aborrecida por Bongo, denunció el mal gobierno gabonés y aseguró que el fallecido presidente "estuvo al servicio de los intereses de Francia y de los hombres políticos franceses".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SEGUNDO TESTIMONIO&lt;br /&gt;André Vallini, diputado del Partido Socialista francés en declaraciones a Le Monde y AFP abunda en la misma idea:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Todos sabemos con precisión que Omar Bongo ha financiado numerosas campañas electorales a la derecha, pero también a la izquierda, a veces, quizás.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BONGO, GRAN ALIADO DEL MAJZÉN&lt;br /&gt;La muerte de este tirano ha suscitado un panegírico en el que el Majzén se retrata a sí mismo y aun creo que se queda corto en el diario oficioso del rey:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    África acaba de perder a uno de sus grandes sabios en la persona del presidente Omar Bongo&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Un líder africano, estimado y reconocido en el plano continental, un militante comprometido por la unidad de los pueblos, la cohesión de las naciones y la prosperidad de sus pueblos.&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    Evidentemente, no es sin amargura, que vemos que se le quiere quebrantar, cuando su cadáver aún no ha sido inhumado, con una salva de acusaciones lanzada por la prensa francesa, pronta a recurrir a innumerables asuntos de dinero y otros.&lt;br /&gt;    Por contra, es útil recordar el apoyo que el presidente Omar Bongo no ha cesado de aportar a Marruecos en el marco del asunto del Sahara&lt;br /&gt;    (...)&lt;br /&gt;    El modelo de democracia que ha instaurado, peculiar de Gabón, aunque deje que desear a los ojos de los occidentales,&lt;br /&gt;    es conforme a las exigencias del país y a las expectativas del pueblo gabonés&lt;br /&gt;    (....)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EL MAJZÉN SIGUE EL MISMO MODELO DE BONGO&lt;br /&gt;El sistema de corrupción seguido por Omar Bongo es similar al que utiliza el majzén para corromper a los políticos franceses. Ali Lmrabet declaraba en las columnas del diario argelino El Watan, el 11 de noviembre de 2004 que:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Jacques Chirac no consigue expulsar del territorio francés a Driss Basri (ex-ministro del interior marroquí con Hassán II) que, sin embargo, no posee ni pasaporte ni tarjeta de residencia. Y ello es así porque Basri es depositario de los secretos sobre la financiación de los partidos franceses. La monarquía marroquí financiaba de hecho la democracia francesa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;INTERROGANTES TERRIBLES SOBRE LA POLÍTICA ESPAÑOLA&lt;br /&gt;Acabamos de ver que:&lt;br /&gt;1. El finado Omar Bongo corrompía a los políticos franceses.&lt;br /&gt;2. Los políticos franceses apoyaban el régimen de Bongo&lt;br /&gt;3. Bongo era fiel aliado y amigo del majzén marroquí&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hemos visto, igualmente que:&lt;br /&gt;1. El Majzén corrompía a los políticos franceses&lt;br /&gt;2. Los políticos franceses apoyan el régimen del majzén&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Esto nos plantea las siguientes cuestiones:&lt;br /&gt;- dado que numerosos políticos españoles (el presidente Rodríguez y Moratinos en el PSOE; Arístegui en el PP; Jordi Pujol en CIU; etc.) apoyan el régimen del majzén,&lt;br /&gt;- El hecho de que en Francia, el apoyo al majzén sea resultado de la financiación ilegal que hace éste, nos obliga a formularnos la pregunta: ¿financia el Majzén a partidos o a políticos españoles?&lt;br /&gt;- Y si es así: ¿por qué procedimientos?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-5090379379374515680?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/5090379379374515680/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=5090379379374515680' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5090379379374515680'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5090379379374515680'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/la-muerte-del-dictador-de-gabon-destapa.html' title='La muerte del dictador de Gabón destapa la financiación ilegal de los partidos'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Si-5MavhUcI/AAAAAAAACnw/qSRQVoxkTnc/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-1389666498076192871</id><published>2009-06-10T06:40:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-10T06:42:51.125-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UPES'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Aminatou Haidar'/><title type='text'>Why the Maghreb Really Matters</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Si-4TwEVQkI/AAAAAAAACno/kScv5cyq2-8/s1600-h/Aminatu_Flordasahara.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 174px; height: 196px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Si-4TwEVQkI/AAAAAAAACno/kScv5cyq2-8/s200/Aminatu_Flordasahara.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5345693932172165698" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Editor: John Feffer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;---------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Maghreb is again a major talking point in the United States. In the perceived interests of fighting terrorism and promoting trade, a group of politicians and pundits are urging the Obama administration to side with Morocco and against self-determination for the Sahrawis of Western Sahara. They also urge a regional union for the Maghreb. Yet reaching for a quick fix that supports Morocco’s campaigns in any of these areas would set such a Maghreb Union back years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Those who see the Sahrawi’s decades-long reach for freedom as an obstacle to the perceived bigger picture often have high profiles. Among them are a wrong-headed group of U.S. members of Congress who wrote to President Obama in April. Their letter suggested that the president should set in stone an extraordinarily flawed solution promoted by Western Sahara’s illegal occupiers — Morocco — to entrap the Sahrawi in an autonomous structure rather than offering self-determination, which is their just and legal right.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This group of legislators took their lead and some of their language from a new report Why the Maghreb Matters from the Potomac Institute and the Conflict Management Program at Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). The report presents the long-stalled union in the Maghreb region as posing both significant threats and opportunities for U.S. interests. In seeking to over-promote both scenarios, the report highlights a common reaction of those looking to find an end-game solution in the region at whatever cost: over-simplification.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The cost in this case, should the U.S. government and the international community continue such realpolitik analysis, is the welfare of more than 200,000 people in the occupied territories of Western Sahara, Africa’s last colony.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why the Maghreb?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Maghreb — generally including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania, and Western Sahara — is significant for many reasons. According to the Potomac/SAIS report, "the U.S. government should have a profound interest in North Africa because developments in the region impact significantly on our national interests." These developments relate first of all to trade and investment. Countries within the region have tended to under-perform economically. So, the argument goes, a regional union based on free and fair trade is likely to benefit everyone, including the United States.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Few would dispute the importance of promoting economic development in the region. But when the discussion turns to the Maghreb’s significance in terms of threats, disagreements arise. The Potomac/SAIS report focuses on the threat of terrorism and highlights a five-fold increase in terrorist attacks in the region since 2001. That these figures indicate a serious problem for civilians in the region is undeniable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet, identifying their source, both geographical and ideological, has become a blame game with the highest possible stakes. The United States and others are in danger of not only getting it all terribly wrong by allying with Rabat in the efforts to stamp out terrorism in the region but of casting a massive injustice upon the Sahrawis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Documented cases of human rights violations abound. In a report late in 2008, Human Rights Watch "found that Moroccan authorities repress this right [of self-determination] through laws penalizing affronts to Morocco’s ‘territorial integrity,’ through arbitrary arrests, unfair trials, restrictions on associations and assemblies, and through police violence and harassment that goes unpunished."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why then have key analysts and policymakers in the Untied States ignored these factors and viewed the Moroccan perpetrators of these acts as the solution to the problem?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Real Problem in the Maghreb&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the last three decades, Morocco has denied Western Sahara the basic human right to self-determination, one of the tenets of the United Nations. An International Court of Justice ruling in 1975 confirmed Morocco’s invasion as illegal. Numerous UN resolutions established the mechanism for a referendum on self-determination in Western Sahara. And there has been a long-running UN mission in the region designed to move the populace toward self-determination. Still, the forced occupation of Western Sahara continues.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Western Sahara, 160,000 Moroccan military and para-military personnel are aided by one of the world’s largest minefields and by a 2,700 km security wall that runs right through communities and extended families. We Sahrawi sought the inclusion of a human rights monitor in the UN mission. But the proposal met with resistance from a slick and expensive lobbying effort run by Morroco’s foreign public relations representatives (all nine of them) and by a recalcitrant and counter-intuitive France, which used its veto to block the proposal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, the reality, as opposed to the realpolitik, makes a compelling case against Morocco’s tainted "autonomy" proposal (in actuality, a "non-independence" proposal). Generalizations about terrorism and threats to U.S. interests should not detract attention from the real problem at the center of the Maghreb: the denial of basic human rights to those who live in Africa’s last colony, Western Sahara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aminatou Haidar is a Sahrawi human-rights defender, the 2008 Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award laureate, and a contributor to Foreign Policy In Focus.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-1389666498076192871?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/1389666498076192871/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=1389666498076192871' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/1389666498076192871'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/1389666498076192871'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/why-maghreb-really-matters.html' title='Why the Maghreb Really Matters'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Si-4TwEVQkI/AAAAAAAACno/kScv5cyq2-8/s72-c/Aminatu_Flordasahara.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-185687273058288543</id><published>2009-06-06T04:41:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-06T04:44:01.303-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desde el Atlántico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><title type='text'>Elecciones europeas y Sahara Occidental</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SipWeGU9A_I/AAAAAAAAClQ/wRBLLwgpU9Q/s1600-h/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SipWeGU9A_I/AAAAAAAAClQ/wRBLLwgpU9Q/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5344178982923076594" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El domingo hay elecciones europeas. En las elecciones europeas se deciden cosas que afectan a España... pero también se van a decidir cuestiones esenciales en relación con Marruecos y el Sahara Occidental. Pero no todos los partidos son iguales. Quien apoye la causa del pueblo saharaui, si es coherente, tiene que saber qué candidaturas puede apoyar y cuales no. Veamos cuales.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La Unión Europea decide cuestiones muy relevantes para España... pero también destina nuestro dinero a países terceros. Y viene haciéndolo, muy generosamente, con Marruecos. Igualmente, la UE firma acuerdos económicos que pueden suponer un expolio de las riquezas de otros. Es el caso del Acuerdo pesquero expoliando las riquezas de los saharauis. Por eso en estas elecciones también se deciden cuestiones que afectan a la política del norte de África.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La Coordinadora Española de asociaciones de apoyo al Sahara (CEAS) ha tenido la buena idea de hacer un análisis de los programas de las candidaturas en liza para comprobar qué postura defienden sobre el Sahara Occidental. Se trata de una iniciativa que no cabe sino alabar, y desear que se repita en todos los procesos electorales que se vayan a hacer en España. No me consta (y si me equivoco quisiera ser corregido) que CEAS haya hecho este análisis anteriormente. Pero, insisto, es una gran idea que, aunque haya tardado tiempo en concretarse hay que aplaudir. No obstante, haré algunas precisiones complementarias a las observaciones de CEAS. En especial, creo que hay que prestar atención no sólo al programa, sino a las personas que aparecen o han sido excluidas de las candidaturas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CEAS, en primer lugar, analiza la posición de los partidos con representación en las Cortes Generales&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PSOE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Incluye una breve referencia en la página 17: "Apoyamos, asimismo, una solución justa, aceptable por las partes y duradera para el Sahara Occidental, de acuerdo con las Resoluciones de la ONU ".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Aunque, irónicamente, el anterior párrafo de su programa dice: "La Presidencia española de 2010 organizará la Conferencia de Autoridades locales y regionales, el Encuentro civil Euromed, el Foro empresarial Euromed y la Conferencia de Mujeres, y la reunión de la Asamblea Parlamentaria Euromed. Y promoverá la profundización en el Estatuto Avanzado de Asociación con Marruecos ya alcanzado ".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Podríamos añadir algo más.&lt;br /&gt;La candidatura del PSOE está encabezada por un notorio enemigo de la causa saharaui (López Aguilar). Y no sólo eso, sino que ha sido excluido de la mismaCarlos Carnero. ¿Quien es Carlos Carnero? Pues un especialista en la Unión Europea que ha sido euro-diputado desde 1994 y, que, atención, fue uno de los principales inspiradores del Informe del Parlamento Europeo que denuncia las violaciones de derechos humanos por Marruecos en el Sahara Occidental.&lt;br /&gt;A mi juicio, no hay duda ninguna, de que la exclusión de Carlos Carnero se ha producido por presiones del majzén.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PP&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    No hace ninguna referencia al Sáhara ni a los y las saharauis; sin embargo, habla positivamente del Estatuto Avanzado con Marruecos&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No sólo eso. Sino que en esta candidatura figuran varios miembros del lobby pro-marroquí (Mayor, Millán Mon, Iturgaiz).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CIU-PNV-CCCIU, PNV y CC comparten candidatura llamada "Coalición por Europa"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    PNV y CiU, no hacen mención alguna a este tema.&lt;br /&gt;    Coalición Canaria, en la página 7 de su Programa Electoral, dice: "Especial mención tiene para nosotros por la cercanía y lazos especiales de amistad el impulsar desde la Unión Europea un papel firme y coordinado en el desenlace del conflicto del Sáhara a partir de las resoluciones de Naciones Unidas, que acabe de una vez por todas con este largo proceso para que el pueblo saharaui decida libremente su derecho a la autodeterminación vía Referéndum. Junto a esto la Unión Europea debe seguir contribuyendo a la calidad de vida del pueblo Saharaui a través de la necesaria ayuda humanitaria"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El problema es que la candidata de Coalición Canaria está en el número 4 y es casi imposible que salga elegida.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ERC-BNG-ARALARs, más otras formaciones menores, conforman la candidatura "Europa de los Pueblos-Verdes"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    El partido catalán no hace ninguna referencia a los saharauis, mientras que el gallego está interesado en mejorar los acuerdos pesqueros con el reino alaui, afirmando en la página 11 de su Programa Electoral, apartado 5.3 "O sector pesqueiro" que defenderá, entre otros, la: "Renovación e mellora dos acordos pesqueiros vixentes: introdución de buques galegos no acordo con Marrocos, ..."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IU&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    El Programa Electoral Elecciones Europeas 2009 de IU refleja una preocupación real y argumentada por este tema. En la página 49, dentro del apartado "Por una Europa de Paz y Solidaridad", se puede leer: "Izquierda Unida vuelve a poner de manifiesto su compromiso con un proceso de seguridad y cooperación de todos los estados del Mediterráneo y el Oriente Medio, así como el derecho del pueblo Saharaui a la autodeterminación, sobre las bases de las resoluciones 1754 y 1783 de las Naciones Unidas ".&lt;br /&gt;    Y prosigue: "La relación entre la UE y Marruecos debe supeditarse a un respeto real de los Derechos Humanos y de las libertades públicas e individuales, en particular a las libertades de expresión, prensa y asociación.&lt;br /&gt;    A pesar de los esfuerzos de comunicación por parte del Estado Marroquí para dar una nueva imagen, siguen estando al orden del día en Marruecos situaciones propias de una dictadura, en particular la represión brutal de los movimientos sociales, la criminalización y el encarcelamiento arbitrario de los líderes de movimientos de izquierda, etc.&lt;br /&gt;    En el Parlamento europeo, IU seguirá denunciando esta situación y exigirá que Marruecos respete los Tratados. IU llevará estas cuestiones al Parlamento solidariamente con las organizaciones progresistas de Marruecos que luchan por una democracia real en su país".&lt;br /&gt;    Además, incluye en la página 51 el Anexo 1. DECLARACIÓN MARCHA AL MURO DE LA VERGÜENZA 10 DE ABRIL DE 2009 , en el que se expresa su postura ante el triste accidente ocurrido.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La candidatura de Izquierda Unida y otros partidos asociados está encabezada por dos eurodiputados que han demostrado un compromiso sincero e intenso con la causa saharaui, Willy Meyer y Raúl Romeva.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPyD&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Otro partido que parece haberse tomado en serio el asunto del Sáhara es UPyD. En dos secciones de su Programa Electoral aparece reflejada con amplitud su situación.&lt;br /&gt;    Cuando en la página 12 se refiere al "Desarrollo de una Agricultura y Pesca europeas modernas y racionales", afirma: "Defendemos que las relaciones con la Unión Mediterránea, África, Rusia y los países de la antigua órbita soviética ocupen un lugar prioritario dentro del programa de acuerdos a desarrollar por la UE. Rechazaremos de modo explícito la inclusión de los caladeros y bancos de pesca en aguas de Sáhara Occidental en el tratado de pesca a firmar en breve entre la UE y Marruecos, y que, como paso previo a la firma del Tratado de Libre Comercio en 2010, se exija en el Parlamento Europeo al gobierno de Marruecos el respeto de las resoluciones de Naciones Unidas sobre Sáhara Occidental. También promoveremos una relación específica con la América latina como área de relaciones prioritarias para la UE".&lt;br /&gt;    Y se muestra aún más contundente cuando, más adelante, en el apartado "Desarrollo de una Política Exterior verdaderamente común", afirma lo siguiente: "60. UPyD exigirá que la Política y la Acción Exteriores de la UE respondan siempre a unos principios básicos mínimos como son:&lt;br /&gt;    1º)- El respeto a los Derechos Humanos, la legalidad Internacional y las Resoluciones de la ONU. Al respecto, UPyD defenderá específicamente en el Parlamento Europeo el derecho a la autodeterminación y plena independencia del pueblo Saharaui y el reconocimiento de la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática, y denunciará en Europa a Marruecos como ocupante ilegal del Sáhara Occidental, que a la vez viola los Derechos Humanos de los Saharauis y esquilma sus recursos naturales.&lt;br /&gt;    2º)- El respeto a la integridad territorial de la UE, entendida como la integridad del territorio de sus Estados miembros, a la hora de diseñar las relaciones políticas con terceros Estados, algo esencial para salvaguardar la integridad territorial española frente a Marruecos".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conviene advertir que el número 2 de la candidatura de UPyD, Fernando Maura, ha manifestado públicamente su compromiso de visitar oficialmente los territorios liberados de la RASD.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CEAS analiza también la posición de los partidos que no tienen representación parlamentaria en las Cortes Generales y dice&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    La mayoría de estos partidos no hacen referencia en sus programas al pueblo saharaui. Sin embargo, queremos destacar la apuesta de Izquierda Anticapitalista, que en su Programa-Marco ante las Elecciones al Parlamento Europeo 2009, cuando habla de "Un nuevo internacionalismo" expone: " Los pueblos del Estado español tenemos una deuda histórica con el pueblo saharaui como antigua colonia que la dictadura franquista entregó al régimen dictatorial marroquí en 1975. Por eso debemos exigir el fin de la ocupación marroquí, del saqueo de sus recursos y el respeto al derecho a la plena libertad e independencia del pueblo saharaui mediante el RECONOCIMIENTO DE LA REPÚBLICA ARABE SAHARAUI DEMOCRÁTICA POR EL ESTADO ESPAÑOL Y LA UE. Una tarea que ha de ir estrechamente unida a la solidaridad con el pueblo marroquí frente a un régimen represivo que se ha convertido en el principal aliado del imperialismo en el Norte de Africa. Denunciamos los crímenes de ejércitos y mercenarios extranjeros, así como de las milicias sectarias paramilitares". Más adelante, reafirma su compromiso al exigir: "Contra la ocupación marroquí, RECONOCIMIENTO DE LA REPÚBLICA ARABE SAHARAUI DEMOCRÁTICA POR EL ESTADO ESPAÑOL Y LA UE ".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En efecto, algunos de los partidos con más presencia mediática no hacen alusión alguna al Sahara Occidental. Es el caso de Libertas o de Iniciativa Internacionalista.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CONCLUSIÓN&lt;br /&gt;Naturalmente, en un voto pesan muchos factores.&lt;br /&gt;En una candidatura, igualmente, no sólo importa lo que diga el programa sino las ideas de todos y cada uno de los candidatos. Puede afirmarse que, a pesar de quienes son los nº 1 de las candidaturas de PSOE y PP, dentro de esas candidaturas, junto a personas amigas del majzén, hay también amigos del pueblo saharaui.&lt;br /&gt;Pero para aquel ciudadano que considere que en su voto el apoyo al pueblo saharaui tiene un valor preponderante sólo hay dos opciones claras e inequívocas en estas elecciones europeas: Izquierda Unida y Unión Progreso y Democracia.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-185687273058288543?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/185687273058288543/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=185687273058288543' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/185687273058288543'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/185687273058288543'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/elecciones-europeas-y-sahara-occidental.html' title='Elecciones europeas y Sahara Occidental'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SipWeGU9A_I/AAAAAAAAClQ/wRBLLwgpU9Q/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-4809734308686042448</id><published>2009-06-06T04:35:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-06T04:41:23.572-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Mohammed Khadad'/><title type='text'>Why the Sahara undermines the Mediterranean Union</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SipVxfI_1NI/AAAAAAAAClI/I6bHUplUYls/s1600-h/mohamedkhadad2008.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 180px; height: 143px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SipVxfI_1NI/AAAAAAAAClI/I6bHUplUYls/s200/mohamedkhadad2008.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5344178216489702610" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To achieve its goal of Mediterranean unity, the EU needs to be committed to the UN s goal of self-determination for Western Sahara.&lt;br /&gt;The EU s attempt to create a union including nations on both sides of the Mediterranean has considerable merit. The trouble is that its idealism falters in the face of reality. This is most evident in the case of Western Sahara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The challenge posed by reality is, in fact, captured in the subtle change of name of the body. Until July 2008, it was to have been the Mediterranean Union . Now we have the Union for the Mediterranean . This is no mere tweaking of semantics. It is recognition of the fact that the states along the Mediterranean s southern coast are a long way from anything like a union.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In recognition of this reality, the agenda has shifted away from more lofty goals. While the original trans-Mediterranean partnership process – the Barcelona Process – aimed to create “a common area of peace and stability underpinned by sustainable development, rule of law, democracy and human rights”, the agenda since 2008 has had a more prosaic focus, on trade and investment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This political evolution is also an attempt to skirt around the fact that Africa s last remaining colony sits squarely within the proposed union.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That colony is, of course, Western Sahara, which was forcibly annexed and occupied by Morocco. Without a sustainable solution here, no union – whether of the Mediterranean or the Maghreb – will have a real impact.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The United Nations has set out what such a solution could be: a referendum on self-determination. It did so after the International Court of Justice said in 1975 that it could “not establish any tie of territorial sovereignty between the territory of Western Sahara and the Kingdom of Morocco”. In short, the annexation is illegal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The UN has advocated a referendum since the early 1960s. Morocco itself backed the idea in the early 1980s and accepted the UN s settlement plan of 1990. However, attempts to establish the basis for a vote on self-determination have been blocked by Morocco – now under a new monarch – and by supporters in the UN Security Council.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This stalemate is putting up political walls throughout the region, drawing battle-lines between expediency and justice. It is a major reason why intra-Maghreb trade and investment is both miniscule and complicated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The continued, well-documented violation of the human rights of Sahrawis creates an ethical vacuum for any body, such as the Union for the Mediterranean, that seeks to create a trans-Mediterranean union.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most European governments seem aware of this. So too is the European Parliament, which, in March, produced a report on human rights that voiced concern over continued abuses and recognised that abuses will continue until Sahrawis right to self-determination is recognised. That right is recognised by most members of the UN Security Council and the EU; those who are preventing recognition of that right are chiefly Morocco and France.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The current position of Morocco and France amounts to a disavowal of a process of organic self-determination in favour of a shoddy form of autonomy within Morocco. It ignores the basic human right to choose.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For any Mediterranean union to gain a foothold in reality, Morocco must be prepared to accept its own former proposal, a free and fair referendum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Polisario, which represents Sahrawis who seek independence, has a vested interest in a Mediterranean union. It wants to see greater trade; it wants the southern Mediterranean region to have links – political, social and economic – with Europe that are stronger, but also free and fair. Such a union will remain merely an ideal as long as Western Sahara remains in its current state.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mohammed Khadad is a member of the Polisario leadership and is its co-ordinator at the UN.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-4809734308686042448?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/4809734308686042448/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=4809734308686042448' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/4809734308686042448'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/4809734308686042448'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/why-sahara-undermines-mediterranean.html' title='Why the Sahara undermines the Mediterranean Union'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SipVxfI_1NI/AAAAAAAAClI/I6bHUplUYls/s72-c/mohamedkhadad2008.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-6977843738356431157</id><published>2009-06-06T04:33:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-06T04:35:45.942-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desde el Atlántico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prof. Carlos Ruiz Miguel'/><title type='text'>Mali acusa a la llamada "Al Qaida" del Magreb de tener apoyos de Marruecos: España interpelada</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SipUeATH7DI/AAAAAAAAClA/nl32myboeYY/s1600-h/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 93px; height: 130px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SipUeATH7DI/AAAAAAAAClA/nl32myboeYY/s200/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5344176782281534514" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Que el terrorismo no suele ser lo que parece creo que está claro para los que leen este blog. Es indiscutible que el "terrorismo" a menudo oculta operaciones encubiertas ejecutadas quizá por grupos de individuos, pero dirigidas por los servicios de inteligencia de algunos Estados. Ahora en la mismísima prensa francesa se vuelve a acusar a Marruecos de apoyar el terrorismo de la llamada "Al Qaeda del Magreb Islámico"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Es una constatación que el terrorismo y los grupos terroristas suelen ser instrumentalizados. Pero es más complicado saber quien instrumentaliza el terrorismo. No obstante hay un antiguo criterio que no suele fallar: ¿a quien beneficia (cui prodest) ese terrorismo?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El grupo llamado "Al Qaida del Magreb Islámico" (AQMI, que en realidad es un grupo que de "Al Qaida" sólo tiene el nombre), es la denominación que, desde enero de 2007, recibe el "Grupo Salafista de Predicación y Combate" (GSPC) que a su vez surge a partir del "Grupo Islámico Armado" (GIA). Esta supuesta "Al Qaida" es un grupo turbio y cuya instrumentalización por algún Estado (en concreto, Marruecos) ya ha sido denunciada hace tiempo. Los lectores de este blog habrán leído un artículo titulado "Al Qaida del Magreb Islámico: genealogía de una mentira" (31-XII-2008) donde recojo el testimonio de un terrorista (Abdelhak Layada), nada más y nada menos que el fundador del GIA, que reconoce que Hassán II le apoyó para cometer atentados en Argelia como castigo por el apoyo de este país a la causa saharaui.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ahora esa acusación vuelve. Pero no vuelve en una publicación cualquiera. Vuelve, nada más y nada menos, que en la revista francesa de referencia en política africana. Una revista muy cercana, por lo demás, a los intereses y consignas del "Quai d'Orsay" (el ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores francés). Una revista muy cercana a Marruecos del que suele ofrecer una imagen "idílica". Esa revista se llama "Jeune Afrique". En el número 2524 de Jeune Afrique (24-30 de mayo de 2009), páginas 38-39, se incluye un artículo sobre la lucha contra el terrorismo en Mali. En este artículo, firmado por Pierre-François Naudé (periodista de la redacción de Jeune Afrique especializado en Mali) aparece el siguiente fragmento, que traduzco:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Otra incertidumbre que, desde el punto de vista maliense, pesa sobre el arreglo de la cuestión salafista: las tensiones entre Argelia y Marruecos. "Es evidente que los grupos islamistas se benefician de ciertos apoyos de Marruecos", acusa un miembro de los servicios de inteligencia de Mali. Según este último, se trataría de una respuesta a los numerosos vínculos que Mali mantiene con el Polisario.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En efecto, Mali reconoció a la República Arabe Saharaui Democrática (RASD) el 4 de julio de 1980.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De los testimonios existentes se deduce que:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Marruecos, según el fundador del GIA, apoyó el terrorismo en Argelia porque este país apoyaba a la causa saharaui.&lt;br /&gt;2. Marruecos, según el testimonio de un miembro de los servicios de inteligencia de Mali recogido por la revista francesa de referencia en política africana, apoya el terrorismo en Mali porque este país apoya a la causa saharaui.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La pregunta es:&lt;br /&gt;¿apoya o ha apoyado Marruecos el terrorismo en España como respuesta al apoyo a la causa saharaui que se ha dado por España antes de que Rodríguez llegara a la presidencia del Gobierno?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;POST DATA (2-VI-2009)&lt;br /&gt;El artículo, publicado el 26 de mayo en la edición de papel, ha sido subido a internet por Jeune Afrique con acceso gratuito el 2 de junio.&lt;br /&gt;Íntegramente, esto es, sin cambiar una coma del párrafo que he traducido.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-6977843738356431157?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/6977843738356431157/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=6977843738356431157' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/6977843738356431157'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/6977843738356431157'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/06/mali-acusa-la-llamada-al-qaida-del.html' title='Mali acusa a la llamada &quot;Al Qaida&quot; del Magreb de tener apoyos de Marruecos: España interpelada'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SipUeATH7DI/AAAAAAAAClA/nl32myboeYY/s72-c/s542276425_426663_5788.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-8727768286319489554</id><published>2009-05-31T02:38:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-31T02:48:36.922-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Diaspora Sahraoui'/><title type='text'>Prostitution, l'autre industrie au Maroc</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SiJSaR8xtUI/AAAAAAAACd4/EE7wdir-vgQ/s1600-h/Barbie+girl.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 129px; height: 97px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SiJSaR8xtUI/AAAAAAAACd4/EE7wdir-vgQ/s200/Barbie+girl.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5341922719463224642" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La prostitution gagngrène la société marocaine. Et cette gangrène se projette à l'extérieur des frotnières du royaume au point de devenir un trait caractéristique de la femme marocaine vivant en terre d'exil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les prostituées ne se cachent pas au Maroc. On en trouve partout, des rabatteurs, des clients, des hotels propose leurs chambres, les macros encaissent, c'est une veritable industrie qui fait le succès du tourisme au Maroc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La banalisation de la prostitution au Maroc ne permet plus de distinguer ce fléau comme une déviance nocive du corps social. Marrakech est une des  plus grandes villes du pays. Que son économie soit exclusivement fondée sur le proxénétisme ne semble plus déranger personne.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Rabat , la fille d'un ex-conseiller et ancien ministre du roi Hassan II, accusée de diriger un réseau de prostitution de luxe, d'écouler de la cocaïne au profit de ses clients, des dignitaires du Makhzen et étrangers, dont de grandes personnalités de la politique et du milieu des affaires, aurait bénéficié de la "protection" des cadres des services de la police, dont le Préfet de Police, ainsi qu'un responsable à la Direction générale de sûreté Nationale (DGSN). Elle en est sortie indemne.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Casablanca, Rabat, Marrakech, Fès, Tanger, Agadir, le commerce de la chair fait florès. C'est une activité comme une autre. Une donnée, encore une fois. Un attribut de l'espace urbain marocain. Des villes de tolérance, avec des réseaux, des filières, des clients, des fournisseurs, des circuits institutionnalisés, des appels d'offres et des cahiers de charges.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Une enquête de l’Organisation Panafricaine de Lutte contre le Sida au Maroc (OPALS-Maroc) auprès de 500 prostituées marocaines, dans sept villes du pays, Azrou, Khénifra, Béni Mellal, Meknès, Fès, Agadir et Rabat, dévoilée en janvier 2008,  met en lumière un phénomène peu évoqué au Maroc. Une partie des résultats est tristement prévisible mais beaucoup sont très surprenants. 13% des prostituées interrogées sont des « célibataires vierges » qui ont toujours leur hymen. Ce chiffre met en lumière le problème de la sacro-sainte virginité demandée avant le mariage et les pratiques exercées par certaines femmes pour avoir malgré tout une activité sexuelle.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les fondements de la société marocaine sont à nouveau ébranlés dans cette étude lorsqu’on apprend que 59,4% de ces femmes ont eu leur premier rapport sexuel rémunéré entre 9 et 15 ans. Une femme interrogée avoue même avoir eu son premier rapport à 9 ans. Par ailleurs 32,6% des femmes ont pratiqué ou subi un acte sexuel entre 6 et 15 ans. La faible probabilité que l’enfant de 6 ans soit consentant renvoie encore une fois aux problèmes de la pédophilie et aux violences sexuelles infligées aux jeunes filles, dans un pays où la sexualité est taboue. Tout comme le cas des mineurs qui errent à longueur de journée pour vendre leurs corps sans aucune protection contre les maladies. Ainsi se dessine la cruauté d'un destin pitoyable pour beaucoup d'adolescents marocains.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Un autre phénomène alarmant qui sévit depuis longtemps : La prostitution en milieu estudiantin. Lycéennes ou étudiantes, de jeunes Marocaines se livrent, contre des cadeaux ou de l'argent, à un commerce du sexe qu'elles refusent toutefois d'appeler prostitution. En Europe, les témoignages et alertes se multiplient face au phénomène des jeunes filles marocaines qui se prostituent et dont la principale cause est la pauvreté.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pourquoi le ministre de l'intérieur a refusé l'installation d'un bureau local de l'association française "Ni Putes Ni Soumises"? Pour la seule raison que cela risque de déranger l'institution de la prostitution au Maroc, que cette association fasse l’état des lieux de la prostitution et le tourisme sexuel extrêmement grave au royaume alaouite.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Quand on additionne à ce fleau évolutif qu'est la prostitution des temps modernes (complicité de la famille, tourisme sexuel, pédophilie.....) à l'industrie des stupefiants bien encadree par les decideurs et les barons de la cours royale (le Maroc est le premier producteur mondial de cannabis et premier fournisseur de l'Europe) non obstant des autres fléaux socio-economiques endémiques, on est en droit de se poser la question suivante : Où va le Maroc de Sa Majesté le roi Mohamed VI?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Malheureusement pour la population sahraouie, ce fléau n'a pas épargné les territoires occupés du Sahara Occidental, où la présence de plus de 160.000 soldats, le long du mur de défense, fait de ce métier l'un des plus lucratifs après le trafic de drogue dirigé par les généraux de l'armée marocaine.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-8727768286319489554?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/8727768286319489554/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=8727768286319489554' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8727768286319489554'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8727768286319489554'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/05/prostitution-lautre-industrie-au-maroc.html' title='Prostitution, l&apos;autre industrie au Maroc'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SiJSaR8xtUI/AAAAAAAACd4/EE7wdir-vgQ/s72-c/Barbie+girl.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-4034020524802469842</id><published>2009-05-31T02:33:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-31T02:38:02.605-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Diaspora Sahraoui'/><title type='text'>La mythomanie marocaine</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SiJPnPsH5rI/AAAAAAAACdw/_kclb_8op24/s1600-h/Copie+de+livre+momo+6.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 196px; height: 200px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SiJPnPsH5rI/AAAAAAAACdw/_kclb_8op24/s200/Copie+de+livre+momo+6.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5341919643659921074" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On ment pour cacher une réalité ou en créer une, pour s’économiser l’effort d’une explication, pour se protéger soi-même ou un autre, pour obtenir des privilèges, des faveurs, des avantages, on ment pour se valoriser, entretenir chez les autres une image idéalisée de soi-même, souvent très loin de la réalité. Parfois l’illusion construite dans le mensonge est si parfaite qu’on commence à y croire, comme menteur. On se ment alors à soi-même. À ce stade, on glisse vers la pathologie: la mythomanie. C’est le système maniaque de la menterie qui s’énonce sans contrôle. Les mythomanes demeurent de mauvais menteurs car les bons savent doser.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La tâche qui le goubernement s'est donnée dans le but de projetter une image extérieure d'un Maroc moderne, stable, démocratique et respectueux des droits de l'homme est une mission qui s'est avérée impossible à cause de la réalité quotiedienne. Cela a conduit les responsables marocains à devenir des véritables professionnels de la mythomanie.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Premier mensonge : "Le Maroc change"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Le Maroc change!".  Depuis quelque années, cette formule qui ressemble étrangement à un slogan de campagne électorale est sur toutes les lèvres. Le gouvernement et les autorités du pays l'utilisent sans cesse. Selon eux, grâce à l'avènement du nouveau millénaire et le changement de monarque, le Maroc serait entré de plein-pied dans la modernité. Les experts internationaux usent également sans modération de cette affirmation. Chaque fois qu'ils sont interrogés, ils n'hésitent pas à déclarer que le progrès répand désormais ses bienfaits sur l'ensemble du pays. Dès lors, l'information se propage dans toutes les rédactions. Repris avec empressement par la presse et les médias, relayé et diffusé à toute la planète via Internet, ce mensonge est en passe de devenir une vérité absolue. Alors que la réalité vécue par les citoyens est faite de misère criante, d'inégalités sociales flagrantes et d'injustices évidentes. La justice incarcère des citoyens pour outrage à la personne du roi, la police frappe et arrête systématiquement les participants aux manifestations, la RTM, même devenue Al Aoula, continue d'ouvrir invariablement ses journaux d'informations sur les activités royales (avant, dans le générique du téléjournal on voyait Hassan II sur son cheval blanc. Mais comme Mohamed VI n'aime pas beaucoup les chavaux, ils pourraient mettre son image sur un jetski). La pratique de la torture est largement répandue dans les prisons et les commissariats du pays. Les autorités marocaines accusées de participer au programme américain de transferts illégaux de prisonniers. Sinistre réalité ! Le Maroc est toujours considéré comme un pays où les services de sécurité pratiquent la torture. Tout le monde est unanime là-dessus : amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Commission NNUU à Génève, Parlement Européen…) Les sites webs du Journal Hebdo, Nichane, Al Watan alan, Youtube… censurés. Ceux qui croient ou qui prétendent croire que le Maroc change mettent sur le compte des vieilles habitudes toute atteinte aux libertés fondamentales. Ils expliquent qu'il est difficile de changer les mentalités. Ils tentent de démontrer combien les réflexes du passé, dont eux aussi affirment vouloir se débarrasser, sont ancrés dans la société. Ils oublient qu'à force de se répéter, les réflexes finissent par devenir des habitudes. Chaque année, la justice prononce des interdictions de parution et condamne des journalistes à des peines de prison et des amendes exhorbitantes conduisant directement à la faillite. Les plus optimistes, ceux qui ne perdent pas espoir et persistent à croire en des jours meilleurs – y voient une embellie quand les peines prononcées sont assorties de sursis. Bien maigre consolation !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le retour massif des Marocains résidents à l'étranger lors de la période estivale attisera les envies de départs de ceux, nombreux, qui ne se voient plus vivre chez eux. Au bout du compte, un changement majeur s'opère : à défaut d'éclaircie, le ciel s'assombrit. Les petits métiers – porteurs de précarité – se développent. Le "système D" et la solidarité pour échapper à la pauvreté demeurent les seules solutions pour lutter contre la paupérisation. Pis, des diplômés "Bac + 2" et même "Bac + 4" finissent comme opérateurs téléphoniques dans des centrales d'appels. Et Tandis que les partis traditionnels n'ont plus aucune crédibilité chez le citoyen marocain, les partis islamistes sont entrés en scène et s'engouffrent en promettant remporter les élections communales. A moins que l'entrée spectaculaire du PAM fasse de vrais miracles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Deuxième mensonge : le terrorisme&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;N'importe quelle manifestation pacifique reprimée par la force, ses participants sont immédiatement dénoncés comme des fauteurs de trouble-fêtes. Le militant des droits humain Amazigh, victime de la grossière accusation de complot avec les services secreta espagnols. Un vif souvenir de l'époque de Hassan II!  Les militants sahraouis sont accusés de pratiquer le terrorisme dans les universités et dans les villes occupés du Sahara Occidental et condamnés à des années de prison parmi les délinquants d'ordre commun. Les fausses accusations sont le seul moyen que l'administration a trouvées pour réprimer l'Intifada dans les villes sahraouies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La mythomanie marocaine va plus loin encore jusqu'à prétendre que le Front Polisario a des liaisons avec la nébuleuses d'Al Qaida dans le Sahel. Une nébuleuse qui ne va pas au-delà d'une poignée de trafiquants de cigarettes "Marlboro" dont le seul but est l'enrichissement à travers le kidnapping de touristes européens.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le  Maroc, en accusant les sahraouis de terroristes, veut faire croire au monde que la stabilité et la sécurité du pays passe par l'occupation du Sahara Occidental alors que la réalité c'est que le terreau favori de l'intégrisme est la pauvreté et l'injustice, les deux maladies chroniques du Maroc de Mohamed VI.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La menace integriste (réelle ou inventée)est un alibi pour imposer le fait accompli de l'occupation illégale du Sahara Occidental et pour effrayer les forces libérales et progressistes et de se poser en rempart contre des forces politiques que ces mêmes régimes ont parfois soutenu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mais les responsables marocains oublient que celui qui dit un mensonge ne prévoit point le travail qu'il entreprend; car il faudra qu'il en invente mille autres pour soutenir le premier.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;D'autres mensonges ? La série de démantèlements de réseaux terroristes. Ma menace communiste à Sidi Ifni. La spécifité marocaine, plat chaud servi pour accéder au statut avancé avec l'UE. La crise financière internationale n'a eu que de faibles répercussions sur le Maroc. En 2010 il n’y aura plus de chômeur, plus de mendiants, tous les marocains vont travailler dans le tourisme, ils auront tous accès aux soins gratuits...etc…etc…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cependant, le menteur finit toujours par être dépassé par ses mensonges, comme le dit si bien un certain poète anonyme : Le menteur finit par être dépassé par tous les mensonges qu’il a forgés , laissant entrevoir les contradictions, de toutes ses erreurs d’inattention, les cartes truquées vont bientôt s’écrouler, et le menteur sera enfin dévoilé.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-4034020524802469842?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/4034020524802469842/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=4034020524802469842' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/4034020524802469842'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/4034020524802469842'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/05/la-mythomanie-marocaine.html' title='La mythomanie marocaine'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SiJPnPsH5rI/AAAAAAAACdw/_kclb_8op24/s72-c/Copie+de+livre+momo+6.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-7831552914457906517</id><published>2009-05-31T02:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-31T02:33:07.191-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Mohamed Mahamu'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Diaspora Sahraoui'/><title type='text'>Le mensonge de l'autonomie</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SiJOwFGnYmI/AAAAAAAACdo/6JCmaJ3vKo8/s1600-h/1239887112_momo+dictateur+.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 142px; height: 200px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SiJOwFGnYmI/AAAAAAAACdo/6JCmaJ3vKo8/s200/1239887112_momo+dictateur+.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5341918695925441122" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En 1952, la résolution 637(VIII) de l’Onu déclare que le droit des peuples et des nations à disposer d’eux-mêmes est une condition préalable de tous les droits fondamentaux de l’Homme. Le 14 décembre 1960, la résolution 1514 de l’Assemblée Générale déclare que "tous les peuples ont le droit de libre détermination ; en vertu de ce droit ils déterminent librement leur statut politique"...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Afin de refuser la violence et la violation des droits fondamentaux de l’Homme et des peuples, afin également de redonner sa légitimité à l’ONU, il n’y a pas d’autre choix qu’un retour aux valeurs fondatrices de l’Organisation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; La résolution 1871 du Conseil de Sécurité de l'ONU, adoptée à l'unanimité au mois d'avril 2009, évoque les droits inaliénables du peuple sahraoui à l’autodétermination sans ingérence extérieure et son droit à l’indépendance et à la souveraineté. Mais ce droit, envisagé par les accords de 1991, tarde à se réaliser. Les sahraouis, dans le désespoir de créer leur propre Etat, redoublent de manifestations contre l'occupation , et subissent de plein fouet les exactions des forces de sécurité marocaines. Les droits de l'homme les plus élémentaires ne sont pas respectés et ils sont même bafoués de la manière la plus officielle qui soit. Les manifestants pacifistes sont reprimés et emprisonnés comme des criminels au nom de la "défense de l'intégrité territoriale".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Dans ce climat peu serein, l'ONU demande au Front Polisario de négocier avec le Maroc, de croire en sa bonne volonté. Seulement cette bonne volonté est accompagnée par une obsession malsaine de l'usage de la force et la violence contre des civils désarmés et pacifiques dont le seul crime est d'exprimer leur besoin de se prononcer sur leur avenir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aujourd'hui, les sahraouis se trouvent face à des défis importants : Rétablir la légalité internationale et poursuivre les négociations, même en étant conscient de la stéritlité de cette voie du fait que le Maroc n'a d'autre proposition que l'autonomie. Une autonomie qui ne peut être qu'utopique, puisque le pouvoir au Maroc continue d'être concentré dans des insitutions défiant tout processus démocratique et la presse reste à la merci de la classe dirigeante. Qui dit autonomie dit déconcentration du pouvoir et transfert des compétences du centre aux infrastructures locales et régionales. Le roi Mohamed VI sait que le projet d'autonomie deviendra un choix d'organisation de l'Etat marocain et ne concernera pas uniquement le Sahara Occidental, ce qui veut dire un consentement à l'avance d'une limitation géante de ses pouvoirs et renforcement des rôles des autres intervenants. Les partis politiques n'ont pas été à la hauteur de saisir cette occasion pour étendre leurs revendications démocratiques parce qu'ils savent que cette déconcentration de la gestion du pays n'aura pas lieu. Tout simplement parce qu'il n'y a pas de transition démocraitque non plus. La transition a lieu après un changement de régime. Au Maroc, le même régime est toujours surplace et le paysage politique est toujours le même. The Economiste Intelligence Unit Unit a fait un classement pour l'année 2008. sur 167 pays examinés, le Maroc figure à la 121ème place, dans la catégorie régimes autoritaires. Le classement est basé sur cinq indicateurs: Processus électoral et pluralisme, libertés civiles, fonctionnement du gouvernement, participation politique et culture politique.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nous ne devons pas craindre d'emprunter la voie des négociations et continuer à lever les obstacles que l'autre partie sèmera, au fur et à mesure que nous progressons dans notre marche inéluctable vers l'indépendance. La résistance des militants sahraouis, partout où ils sont, consistera à brandir l'arme de la résistance pacifique et accumuler davantage de soutien politique et humain à notre cause et incitera les dirigeants marocains à renoncer à l'usage de la violence contre les jeunes manifestants dans les territoires occupés de la RASD. Toutefois, les combattants sahraouis reprendront les armes le jour où il sera établi que la voie des négociations s'est avéré infructueuse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour une cause juste, comme la libération de son pays, le retour aux armes est légitime surtout lorsqu'il est la seule voie de recours. Nous espérons que les pays que se disent démocratiques comprendront que le soutien aux entêtements du royaume chérifien n'aidera pas à éteindre la flamme de l'instabilité dans cette région et ne réussira pas à faire taire les voix indépendentistes sahraouis.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-7831552914457906517?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/7831552914457906517/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=7831552914457906517' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/7831552914457906517'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/7831552914457906517'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/05/le-mensonge-de-lautonomie.html' title='Le mensonge de l&apos;autonomie'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SiJOwFGnYmI/AAAAAAAACdo/6JCmaJ3vKo8/s72-c/1239887112_momo+dictateur+.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-7103214865283322623</id><published>2009-05-31T02:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-31T02:29:29.418-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Diaspora Sahraoui'/><title type='text'>Hausse de la pédophilie au royaume de Mohamed VI</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SiJN7Vw7YBI/AAAAAAAACdg/XeRE82uOw9s/s1600-h/10+ans+bis.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 158px; height: 200px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SiJN7Vw7YBI/AAAAAAAACdg/XeRE82uOw9s/s200/10+ans+bis.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5341917789864812562" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L’augmentation du nombre d’agressions sexuelles sur les enfants au Maroc est «effarante», selon l’ONG marocaine «Touche pas à mon enfant», qui cite un taux de progression «choquant et dangereux» par rapport à 2007. L’association affirme avoir recensé 306 cas d’agressions sexuelles sur des enfants en 2008, un chiffre six fois supérieur à celui contenu dans un document de la «Coalition contre les abus sexuels sur les enfants» (collectif d’ONG des Droits de l’Homme) pour le premier semestre 2007.&lt;br /&gt;Dans un rapport rendu public le 19/05/2008, «Touche pas à mon enfant» souligne que «les cas déclarés par les familles des victimes (...) ne constituent qu’un infime pourcentage des abus commis». Cela s’explique, ajoute l’ONG, par «la sensibilité de cette question au sein d’une société conservatrice comme la nôtre».&lt;br /&gt;«Les agressions sexuelles sont, au Maroc, comme dans beaucoup d’autres sociétés, entourées d’une chape de silence quasi total» car elles sont considérées comme «un sujet tabou», note le rapport, et «même les victimes des sévices sexuels et leurs proches n’osent pas en parler».&lt;br /&gt;L’augmentation des chiffres déclarés de la pédophilie au Maroc ne signifie pas une augmentation des victimes mais (le fait) qu’on est en train de casser des tabous», a pour sa part relativisé la ministre du Développement social, de la famille et de la solidarité Nouzha Skalli.&lt;br /&gt;«La pédophilie a toujours existé au Maroc, a-t-elle déclaré à l’AFP. Le fait qu’elle soit révélée au grand jour par les medias et les ONG (...) ne signifie nullement une augmentation directe du nombre des victimes de la pédophilie».&lt;br /&gt;Selon Najat Anwar, présidente fondatrice de l’ONG, «l’augmentation des chiffres de la pédophilie en 2008 est due au développement d’Internet, de la persistance du phénomène des ‘petites bonnes’ et au tourisme sexuel». «Les données du rapport ont été recueillies par l’Association, a-t-elle insisté dans un entretien à l’AFP, et ne reflètent en aucun cas la réalité au Maroc. Ce ne sont que les cas que l’association a rencontrés».&lt;br /&gt;«Les enfants issus de familles marocaines pauvres sont la cible la plus exposée et convoitée des agressions», ajoute ce rapport, le premier du genre depuis la création de «Touche pas à mon enfant» en 2004.&lt;br /&gt;Il apparaît également que les filles «sont plus exposées aux agressions sexuelles que les garçons» et que la tranche d’âge la plus vulnérable est celle des 0 à 8 ans, selon l’étude. Les agressions «ont souvent lieu dans le milieu familial» et en des endroits réputés sûrs comme la maison, l’école ou un club sportif. «Les grandes villes sont les foyers des agressions et exploitation sexuelles sous toutes leurs formes en raison du tourisme sexuel, du travail des enfants, de la croissance du nombre d’enfants abandonnés», indique encore le rapport. «Touche pas à mon enfant» estime que «les faibles sanctions» prises par la justice à l’encontre des agresseurs d’enfants «encouragent la pérennité des agressions». L’ONG recommande «une implication des autorités compétentes, telles que la police et autres organismes» ainsi que «l’adoption de lois adaptées pour éradiquer ce phénomène».&lt;br /&gt;«Touche pas à mon enfant» appelle aussi au «renforcement des sanctions» dans la législation pénale marocaine. Ce genre de comportement est monnaie courante, explique Najat Anouar, présidente de l’association « Touche pas à mon enfant » aux journalistes français. Et d’ajouter : « Pour l’heure, la police marocaine procède à des arrestations efficaces mais ce n’est pas assez. Pis encore, les procédures contre les étrangers restent très rares, du fait que les autorités craignent de porter préjudice au tourisme en ternissant la réputation du pays. » Là où le bât blesse, c’est que des associations qui oeuvrent pour sauver les enfants marocains de la dépravation existent, mais elles restent impuissantes toutes seules face à cette situation alarmante. Il est grand temps de sortir la ville ocre et Agadir de la débauche patente qui y sévit en se prémunissant d’outils juridiques à même de combattre ces abus et vices.&lt;br /&gt;La réalité vécue par les enfants marocains issus de familles citadines ou rurales défavorisées est donc bien éloignée de l'idéal énoncé par l'ONU. La violence, les enfants la subissent sous plusieurs formes : selon l'Organisation Internationale du Travail, le Maroc reste aux côtés de la Chine et de l'Inde "l'un des pays présentant les pires formes de travail des enfants". Leur nombre est évalué à 600.000, dont l'âge s'échelonne entre 6 et 15 ans. les salaires se situent en dessous de toutes les normes, les heures ne sont aucunement réglementées. Les garçons occupent des emplois dans les commerces ou des entreprises.Les filles sont employées dans le textile et de nombreuses autres, entre 7 et 10 ans, recrutées dans les campagnes et littéralement achetées à des parents très pauvres, deviennent les "petites bonnes" taillables et corvéables à merci dans les familles citadines. Des tentatives pour scolariser quelques heures par semaines ces enfants travailleurs restent des exceptions.Ceux qui ne peuvent plus supporter les conditions de travail accompagnées assez souvent de brutalités commises par l'employeur, s'enfuient et vont grossir le flot des "enfants des rues" issus de familles pauvres déstructurées, enfants de mères célibataires, enfants abandonnés.Ces enfants, certains très jeunes, vivent dans l'insécurité totale de la rue, sans aucune hygiène, mal nourris, exposés à l'exploitation sexuelle dès dix ans, aux rafles de la police, emprisonnés souvent puisque le vagabondage est un délit...&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-7103214865283322623?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/7103214865283322623/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=7103214865283322623' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/7103214865283322623'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/7103214865283322623'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/05/hausse-de-la-pedophilie-au-royaume-de.html' title='Hausse de la pédophilie au royaume de Mohamed VI'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SiJN7Vw7YBI/AAAAAAAACdg/XeRE82uOw9s/s72-c/10+ans+bis.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-5736849469519239907</id><published>2009-05-31T02:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-31T02:20:21.581-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='johnpilger.com'/><title type='text'>Britain: the depth of corruption</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SiJLzA-T0cI/AAAAAAAACdY/DjsaGvIZHkg/s1600-h/1223746953859_0.7332970235007041.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 176px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SiJLzA-T0cI/AAAAAAAACdY/DjsaGvIZHkg/s200/1223746953859_0.7332970235007041.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5341915447821586882" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In his latest column for the New Statesman, John Pilger describes how the current scandal of MPs' tax evasion and phantom mortgages conceals a deeper corruption that is traced back to the political monoculture of the United States.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The theft of public money by members of parliament, including government ministers, has given Britons a rare glimpse inside the tent of power and privilege. It is rare because not one political reporter or commentator, those who fill tombstones of column inches and dominate broadcast journalism, revealed a shred of this scandal. It was left to a public relations man to sell the “leak”. Why?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The answer lies in a deeper corruption, which tales of tax evasion and phantom mortgages touch upon but also conceal. Since Margaret Thatcher, British parliamentary democracy has been progressively destroyed as the two main parties have converged into a single-ideology business state, each with almost identical social, economic and foreign policies. This “project” was completed by Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, inspired by the political monoculture of the United States. That so many Labour and Tory politicians are now revealed as personally crooked is no more than a metaphor for the anti-democratic system they have forged together.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Their accomplices have been those journalists who report Parliament as "lobby correspondents" and their editors, who have “played the game” wilfully, and have deluded the public (and sometimes themselves) that vital, democratic differences exist between the parties. Media-designed opinion polls based on absurdly small samplings, along with a tsunami of comment on personalities and their specious crises, have reduced the “national conversation” to a series of media events, in which the withdrawal of popular consent – as the historically low electoral turnouts under Blair demonstrated – has been abused as apathy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Having fixed the boundaries of political debate and possibility, self-important paladins, notably liberals, promoted the naked emperor Blair and championed his “values” that would allow “the mind [to] range in search of a better Britain”. And when the bloodstains showed, they ran for cover. All of it had been, as Larry David once described an erstwhile crony, “a babbling brook of bullshit”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How contrite their former heroes now seem. On 17 May, the Leader of the House of Commons, Harriet Harman, who is alleged to have spent £10,000 of taxpayers’ money on “media training”, called on MPs to “rebuild cross-party trust”. The unintended irony of her words recalls one of her first acts as social security secretary more than a decade ago – cutting the benefits of single mothers. This was spun and reported as if there was a “revolt” among Labour backbenchers, which was false. None of Blair’s new female MPs, who had been elected “to end male-dominated, Conservative policies”, spoke up against this attack on the poorest of poor women. All voted for it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The same was true of the lawless attack on Iraq in 2003, behind which the cross-party Establishment and the political media rallied. Andrew Marr stood in Downing Street and excitedly told BBC viewers that Blair had “said they would be able to take Baghdad without a bloodbath, and that in the end the Iraqis would be celebrating. And on both of those points he has been proved conclusively right.” When Blair’s army finally retreated from Basra in May, it left behind, according to scholarly estimates, more than a million people dead, a majority of stricken, sick children, a contaminated water supply, a crippled energy grid and four million refugees.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As for the “celebrating” Iraqis, the vast majority, say Whitehall’s own surveys, want the invader out. And when Blair finally departed the House of Commons, MPs gave him a standing ovation – they who had refused to hold a vote on his criminal invasion or even to set up an inquiry into its lies, which almost three-quarters of the British population wanted.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Such venality goes far beyond the greed of the uppity Hazel Blears.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Normalising the unthinkable”, Edward Herman’s phrase from his essay The Banality of Evil, about the division of labour in state crime, is applicable here. On 18 May, the Guardian devoted the top of one page to a report headlined, “Blair awarded $1m prize for international relations work”. This prize, announced in Israel soon after the Gaza massacre, was for his “cultural and social impact on the world”. You looked in vain for evidence of a spoof or some recognition of the truth. Instead, there was his “optimism about the chance of bringing peace” and his work “designed to forge peace”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This was the same Blair who committed the same crime – deliberately planning the invasion of a country, “the supreme international crime” – for which the Nazi foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop was hanged at Nuremberg after proof of his guilt was located in German cabinet documents. Last February, Britain’s “Justice” Secretary, Jack Straw, blocked publication of crucial cabinet minutes from March 2003 about the planning of the invasion of Iraq, even though the Information Commissioner, Richard Thomas, has ordered their release. For Blair, the unthinkable is both normalised and celebrated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“How our corrupt MPs are playing into the hands of extremists,” said the cover of last week’s New Statesman. But is not their support for the epic crime in Iraq already extremism? And for the murderous imperial adventure in Afghanistan? And for the government’s collusion with torture?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is as if our public language has finally become Orwellian. Using totalitarian laws approved by a majority of MPs, the police have set up secretive units to combat democratic dissent they call “extremism”. Their de facto partners are “security” journalists, a recent breed of state or “lobby” propagandist. On 9 April, the BBC’s Newsnight programme promoted the guilt of 12 “terrorists” arrested in a contrived media drama orchestrated by the Prime Minister himself. All were later released without charge.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Something is changing in Britain that gives cause for optimism. The British people have probably never been more politically aware and prepared to clear out decrepit myths and other rubbish while stepping angrily over the babbling brook of bullshit.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-5736849469519239907?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/5736849469519239907/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=5736849469519239907' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5736849469519239907'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5736849469519239907'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/05/britain-depth-of-corruption.html' title='Britain: the depth of corruption'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/SiJLzA-T0cI/AAAAAAAACdY/DjsaGvIZHkg/s72-c/1223746953859_0.7332970235007041.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-1624764984054083945</id><published>2009-05-17T04:40:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-17T04:41:18.094-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Arab Reform Initiative'/><title type='text'>Morocco: The Municipal Elections As a Test</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_31XpSp8I/AAAAAAAACRY/mixs5kusavc/s1600-h/1230392138_mmm.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_31XpSp8I/AAAAAAAACRY/mixs5kusavc/s200/1230392138_mmm.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336756579709659074" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The upcoming Moroccan municipal elections scheduled for next June face a big challenge. The latter does not only have to do with the competition among the political partners to win the largest number of seats possible, but also with securing a broad participation that befits an event directly related to running public affairs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite forecasts of a 50% turnout rate in social strata of more than 13 million voters, a previous experience of abstention during the 2007 parliamentary elections dominated the political scene, at least as some political groups - to whom the low turnout participation was a punishment - embarked on self-criticism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The method [of conducting elections] was not very palatable. Failure to conduct fair and transparent elections reflective of the true partisan and political maps dominated the struggle for power, a period during which the political elites were tamed and their projects undermined. In the meantime, and given the numerous setbacks, the gap widened between the government and the opposition. However, ever since these relations, marred by precaution and lack of trust, were redressed when the political transition took shape in 1998, hopes were revived and assessments diverged, with political realism gaining upper hand and coexistence endorsed as an alternative to time-consuming struggles in the framework of an imposed pluralism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Succumbing to the de facto situation was a consensual choice dictated by data of future dimensions. The political forces that barricaded behind the wall of the opposition mustered a courage no less aggressive than conjuring up the missing understandings between the palace and the opposition. However, this belated attempt did not help answer all the questions. Nor did it meet all aspirations. Hence, the huge abstention was a mere spontaneous expression of a different kind of chasm that was getting deeper between the street and the political elites.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Between the boycotted practices that have proven their inability to absorb the genuine concerns related to the present challenges - with the emergence of many demands and aspirations tailored to the measure of the prevailing social, economic and cultural developments - and the ongoing behaviors and mentalities that overlooked these developments, the political scene stood at a standstill. After all, the reforms, regardless of their legal, political and procedural importance, are measured by how likely they are to bring about realistic approaches to change the prevailing structures, whether at the level of determining the role of the state, activating the political parties and benefiting from the experiences and aspirations of the civil society, or in terms of addressing and promoting reality. The coming municipal elections will be a mere test for willpower and capacity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In such competitions that focus on running public affairs, political backgrounds will certainly come into play. Bygone is the time when the state was an economic actor and a key driver of the development cycles. However, to lift the burdens off the concept of the central state does not necessarily mean absolving it from its responsibilities in comprehensive rehabilitation which gives a space for the private sector and local producers and consecrates the decentralization of administrative decisions. Nevertheless, the global economic and financial crisis can not be overcome if roles are not redistributed. In this sense, new lessons must be learnt vis-à-vis the challenges of local development.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Just like other emerging democracies, Morocco has tried many recipes for state welfare and role of parties. It has also tried to reconcile economic and commercial privatization, benefiting from its revenues. This had taken place to the rhythm of questioned new developments. The importance of the forthcoming elections does not lie in their competitive aspect which is likely to redraw a semi-fixed map, but rather in the opportunity they present for contemplation and revision. Measured by the momentum of popular participation, advanced democracies gain their credibility first and foremost from renewing the ideas and elites and leading change.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-1624764984054083945?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/1624764984054083945/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=1624764984054083945' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/1624764984054083945'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/1624764984054083945'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/05/morocco-municipal-elections-as-test.html' title='Morocco: The Municipal Elections As a Test'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_31XpSp8I/AAAAAAAACRY/mixs5kusavc/s72-c/1230392138_mmm.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-5523344400164861285</id><published>2009-05-17T04:31:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-17T04:35:20.727-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Western Sahara Info'/><title type='text'>Omar Hadrami and how to write a CV in the Sahara</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_191rMZtI/AAAAAAAACRQ/BSGP1Y5lCEk/s1600-h/1233221542_1Incapable.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 164px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_191rMZtI/AAAAAAAACRQ/BSGP1Y5lCEk/s200/1233221542_1Incapable.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336754526186399442" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The invaluably irreverent gossip-machine that is Bakchich has an interesting article in its No. 31:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    A few days before the publication of Ban Ki Moon's piece of prose, the [Moroccan] interior ministry, locked down by Fouad Ali El Himma, proceeded to create a Sahrawi unit. This will operate in the shadows of the aforementioned ministry, which, eight years after the dismissal of Driss Basri, remains in control of the Saharan dossier. The exact task of this unit remains a mystery, but looking at its composition, one may fear the worst...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    By royal decree of Mohammed VI, three Sahrawi walis -- Mohamed Ali El Admi, Mohamed Rachid Duihi and Khalil Dkhil - have been promoted to the rank of extraordinary walis ["walis détachés"] within the concerned minstry. With respect to the origins of the three men, the tribal balance has certainly been respected, but ... because there's always a but with the Makhzen: one of the men, Mohamed Ali El Admi, is a horrible torturer who served in the 80s in the refugee camps of Tindouf before joining Morocco. Known under the name of Omar Hadrami, he has savagely tortured both Moroccan soldiers who had been taken prisoners by the Polisario Front (who would be happy to do him in today) and Sahrawi prisoners of opinon, for whom he built a torture centre in Tindouf. In short, a reprehensible person who's got a CV just as reprehensible and who figures in the "best of" of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).&lt;br /&gt;    [shoddy translation from french by western sahara info]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What Mr. Hadrami did between 1972 and 1990&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Omar Hadrami case always was something of a litmus test for both Polisario's and Morocco's propaganda. For Polisario, because they pretended that all was well within the refugee camps during the 1980s, while in fact unsavory characters such as Hadrami ran amok amassing personal power and silencing opposition. He was by all accounts widely feared in the camps, by supporters and detractors alike, and his stature was such that the relationship with secretary-general Muhammad Abdelaziz grew increasingly uneasy. He didn't lose power until the late 1980s, after he faced off with Abdelaziz in an attempt to grab power. The coup attempt led to traumatic disturbances in the camps -- of which Sahrawis are still reluctant to speak -- and in the end Hadrami and his collaborators were defeated and thrown in prison. He was however released relatively quickly, and named representative to Washington; still a very prestigeous post, but far from the centre of power in Rabouni camp. From there, he defected to Morocco. He was immediately promoted to governor and lavished with attention by the court and king Hassan II, and has appeared as its loyal Sahrawi face ever since, meeting with countless visiting delegations to tell his ghastly stories about what he saw happen in the Tindouf refugee camps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But, thing is, as head of Polisario's military security apparatus, he was himself responsible for most of that abuse. This is rarely mentioned in the Moroccan press, just as Polisario would never have mentioned it while he was on their side. In the MAP's official CV, his Polisario years are left out entirely -- there's a curious gap between his 1972 graduation from a Moroccan university and his 1990 installation as wali. Amnesty International's reports on the conflict regularly feature this sour little line:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Those responsible for human rights abuses in the [Tindouf] camps in previous years continued to enjoy impunity. The Polisario authorities failed to hand over perpetrators still resident in the camps to the Algerian authorities to be brought to justice, and the Moroccan government failed to bring to justice the perpetrators of abuses in the Polisario camps present on its territory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That's a not-too-veiled reference to Hadrami, and the AI has been even clearer:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    "In the Polisario camps there was repression until 1992, says [Amnesty International's Donatella] Rovera." "It improved a lot after 1988 when they recognized this and asked forgiveness of their people." Amnesty maintains that Omar Hadrami, chief of internal security in the Polasario camps, actually was given a job at the interior ministry in Morocco after 1988. "If the Moroccans are serious about cracking down on torture, they should bring Hadrami to trial," Rovera says.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Human rights under Polisario&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As for the human rights situation in the Tindouf refugee camps, some serious question marks remain. Most observers seem to agree that the repressive structures that were in place under Hadrami have been considerably liberalized by the 1991 structural reforms of Polisario, where the Front also expressly committed itself to multipartyism and other democratic treats -- after independence. A major Human Rights Watch mission that toured the camps extensively in 1995 -- just a couple of years after Hadrami was purged -- found that despite some problems, the situation was now "satisfactory" (the main exception being abuse of Moroccan POWs). The recent UN fact finding mission stated that there were no complaints of human rights abuse in Tindouf, even if a more thorough look at the situation would be necessary. Amnesty now refers to abuse in the camp almost exclusively in the past tense, noting that the Polisario has not -- contrary to Moroccan allegations -- tried to restrict investigations in camps (rather, "they went out of their way to assist us").&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even so, the clique around Muhammad Abdelaziz remains reluctant to share power, and while dissident voices are tolerated, they are neither encouraged nor given any serious chance to affect decision-making. On the grass-roots level in the camps, there is a decently democratic structure of local councils that run day-to-day business, but the sensitive political, military and economic decisions seem to rest in the hands of a select few. This is hardly out of the ordinary in the Maghreb, and by the standards of both liberation movements and refugee camps, the Tindouf exile republic comes off as positively ultraliberal. But nevertheless, the situation on the ground clashes with Polisario's attempts to construct a media image of itself as a shining beacon of uncorrupted desert democracy, and an increasing number of Sahrawi youths are fed up with the stagnated ruling elite.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Ould man out&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, there's more in the Bakchich article. It goes on to note that, while we don't know who is behind the appointment of the group -- the inner workings of the Makhzen are no less obscure than, say, the legendarily intransparent Algerian military elite -- it's easy to tell who the move has been directed against. Because there is a name missing from the list: the monarchy's all-time palace Sahrawi, Khelli Henna Ould Errachid.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now, this could perhaps be because he already has a platform -- the CORCAS council, of which he is the formal head. But, honestly, Khelli Henna never was the one to shy away from salaried titles, was he? No. As Bakchich points out, all three interior ministry Sahrawis are long-standing enemies of Ould Errachid, and this must be interpreted as a move to directly undermine him. Omar Hadrami in particular has long been seen as his main rival, and the two men are said to absolutely loathe each other.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In favor of the favored&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A peculiar twist is added by the fact that both Duihi and Dkhil are former members of PUNS, an organization set up by Franco to act as the territory's only legal party in the dying days of Spanish fascist rule. Established essentially to draw support from Polisario, the PUNS faithfully advocated Spain's line down to the letter: it demanded the independence of Western Sahara under Spanish guidance, longed for "privileged relations" with Madrid, and most of all, it hotly contested any Moroccan or Mauritanian ties to the territory -- for such was Spanish policy right up until the Madrid Agreement. As the Green March approached, the PUNS leadership even declared itself ready to fight a Moroccan entry with arms in hand to preserve Sahrawi independence hand in hand with Spain. Who the leader of the party was? Why, a certain Khelli Henna Ould Errachid -- then the most outspoken defender of a Sahrawi-Spanish alliance against the machinations of both "expansionist" Morocco and "communist" Polisario. Once again something that will not figure in the official biographies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As Spain began to withdraw -- and made clear to Khelli Henna that he was no longer slated to become Western Sahara's first president -- all three of Franco's Sahrawis suddenly discovered their Moroccan roots. And ever since 1975, they've been paraded as proof that the Sahara always was and always will be Moroccan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, as the case of Mr. Hadrami makes abundantly clear, a shared past doesn't necessarily mean a shared future. The palace Sahrawis have been at each others throats ever since, competing for power and privilege. Morocco has always had a policy of encouraging Sahrawi tribalism -- divide and rule -- and the fortunes of its Sahrawi finger puppets have shifted with the mood of the Makhzen, not to mention with the fortunes of competing clans within the Moroccan power structure. For long, Khelli Henna appeared to be the king's go-to-guy, and he has been allowed to amass a huge fortune through semi-legit businesses in El Aaiún (he and his brother -- who formally runs the business empire -- are sometimes called the richest men in the Sahara). But given his less than impressive performance as head of CORCAS, perhaps the monarchy has decided it is time for another spin on the wheel of Sahrawi fortune?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But don't worry. Some things never change -- and should Western Sahara one day become independent, there will be few Sahrawis who will celebrate as loudly as these three. By then with a fresh set of inexplicable gaps in their CV:s.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-5523344400164861285?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/5523344400164861285/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=5523344400164861285' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5523344400164861285'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5523344400164861285'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/05/omar-hadrami-and-how-to-write-cv-in.html' title='Omar Hadrami and how to write a CV in the Sahara'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_191rMZtI/AAAAAAAACRQ/BSGP1Y5lCEk/s72-c/1233221542_1Incapable.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-5245962637903850814</id><published>2009-05-17T04:25:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-19T05:03:00.369-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Maghreb Politics Review'/><title type='text'>CORCAS core cracks?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_0yy34VdI/AAAAAAAACRI/aGxicjMH7JU/s1600-h/1234346785_1+la+soupe++man+.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 120px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_0yy34VdI/AAAAAAAACRI/aGxicjMH7JU/s200/1234346785_1+la+soupe++man+.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336753236944115154" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the last couple of weeks, infighting within the palace-friendly elite in Morocco’s majority slice of Western Sahara seems to have reached boiling point. At the heart of it lies the continual squabbling within CORCAS, which, as you know, is short for the Royal Consultative Council for Saharan Affairs, but it seems mainly to serve as cover for a set of political, financial and personal rivalries which run all the way into the Moroccan regime elite, the makhzen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CORCAS, you may recall, was (re-)established in 2006 to provide a reliably controllable voice for pro-Moroccan Sahrawis in the state’s campaign to promote autonomy as an alternative to a referendum. “Here,” the palace would say, “is the legitimate voice of the Sahrawis — it’s not the separatists.” Pretty good idea, if not always a convincing act, given how transparently obvious it is that the group is run on remote control from Rabat. (POLISARIO, which has its own embarrassing credibility issues with regards to its ties to the Algerian deep state, seems like a jolly band of maverick independents in comparison.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most problematic, however, is that they are a quarrelsome bunch, this motley of tribal sheikhs, businessmen, go-betweens, POLISARIO defectors, and makhzen clients. It worked for a while, just paying them a fat salary to toe the line, but in the past year or two, rivalries within CORCAS has rendered the group nearly inoperable, with constant bickering and large parts of the membership sometimes boycotting sessions. Far be it from me to claim any deeper insights into Saharo-makhzenite clan politics, but at the core of it all seems to be the hostile relations between CORCAS chairman Khellihenna ould el-Rachid and his brother Hamdi, on the one hand, and the group gathered around another southern strongman, Hassan Derham, on the other.&lt;br /&gt;Khellihenna ould el-Rachid&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Khellihenna ould el-Rachid&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Khellihenna is a native to the territory, and a veteran politician. He started out as chairman of the PUNS, a Spanish marionette organization which demanded “privileged ties” with Franco’s Madrid; later moved towards demanding independence when that seemed to be the winning bet; only to end up by discovering the Sahara’s eternal Moroccanity in 1975, as the Kingdom’s troops began pulling up on the border. Ever since, he’s been the most well-known Sahrawi face for Moroccan rule, although his fortunes temporarily dipped with the loss of support from regime pillar Driss Basri, who was cast out of power when Mohammed VI took the throne. He then returned in grand style in 2006, as M6’s anointed chairman of the CORCAS, and has since been back in business. In business, incidentally, is also his brother Hamdi, who aside from politics (multiple stints in parliament) acts as the family cashier, and whose privileged ties to the country’s political and military elite has allegedly made him the richest man in the Sahara.&lt;br /&gt;Hassan Derham&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hassan Derham&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The other gentleman involved, Hassan Derham, is also a politician-businessman, and also firmly implanted in Morocco’s Saharan patronage and clientèle system* However, he is not himself Sahrawi, but rather of the Aït Ba Amran, a south-Moroccan Berber tribe (with their own grievances against the state). Unlike the el-Rachid brothers, who are aligned with the Moroccan Istiqlal party, Derham now works with its rival leftist offshoot, the USFP, having previously been involved with pro-palace parties MP and RNI. Given the way their respective party affiliates faced off in the 2007 parliamentary elections, it’s obvious there’s little love between them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It now seems that Derham’s supporters have withdrawn from some CORCAS sessions of late, joining protests against Khellihenna’s impopular and autocratic style of management and his refusal to inform council members of what’s going on (in reality, it may be that he isn’t himself very well informed, since decisions are taken not in CORCAS meetings, but in Rabat; CORCAS serves to provide media and local Big Man endorsement). I wouldn’t be too surprised if it transpires that Khellihenna’s comments about Moroccan mass killings of Sahrawis in 1975, which were published to his great embarrassment and presumably to no help in relations with the government, were also strategically leaked in this context. But what do I know.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The most recent development is that local USFP politicians have complained to Interior Minister Chakib Benmoussa about how some El Aaiún land lots were granted by the municipality to private individuals — in effect, they’re saying that state resources were used for a vote buying scam (which, given the way the Moroccan part of the Sahara is run, appears plausible to the point of goddamn obvious). Hamdi ould el-Rachid is apparently the one targeted, and he promptly shot back through Istiqlal papers with accusations of corruption in the local USFP (meaning Derham’s men). However, it seems the Ministry has decided to start an investigation of the matter. If so, that’s bad news for the el-Rachid brothers, since regime corruption in the Sahara is not something a minor clerk will decide to start digging in on his own — he’d be digging his own grave, more likely. If the courts and the government follow through with this affair, it must presumably mean that Derham has some serious backers for a push to clip the wings of Hamdi and Khellihenna, whose star has for some time been fading again.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At least that’s my guess. To add a note of caution, all of the above is my own interpretation of what I’ve gleaned through the press, not necessarily as accurate and detailed as I’d like, and I’m sure there are all kinds of nuances to add. Obviously, neither CORCAS nor other Saharan politics can or should be reduced to a rivalry between two clear-cut teams, given the vast complexities of tribal and other politics in these areas, and that’s not the impression I want to give either. So, you’re all most welcome to chime in with both comments and corrections.&lt;br /&gt;Mohamed Abdelaziz&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mohamed Abdelaziz&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, a couple of closing thoughts:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * Where is POLISARIO in all this? I’m sure they’re doing their very best to fan the flames of discontent, but it seems unlikely they could even hope to rally the losers in this battle, given the extraordinarily strong ties of both factions to Morocco. So maybe Chairman Abdelaziz will just sit back with a bowl of popcorn to watch how the game plays out, casually giving the rumor mill an occasional spin to keep things going?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * And do the Saharan elite scuffles have any relation to the election of another influential pro-palace Sahrawi, Sheikh Biadillah, as leader of the PAM, Morocco’s soon-to-be dominant political party, run behind the scenes by royal confidant Fouad Ali el-Himma? It’s sure to affect the center of gravity in Moroccan Sahrawi politics, wherever that actually lies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;—   —   —&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*) Curiously, he was accused a few years back of double-dealing with Sahrawi nationalists, allegedly having links to a Mauritanian businessman involved with something concerning the POLISARIO oil sales campaign. But since nothing ever came of it, I assume it might have been just political slander, although these kinds of ties across the Berm are probably a lot more common than either side would want to acknowledge.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://maghrebinenglish.wordpress.com/2009/05/13/corcas-core-cracks/&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-5245962637903850814?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/5245962637903850814/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=5245962637903850814' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5245962637903850814'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5245962637903850814'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/05/corcas-core-cracks.html' title='CORCAS core cracks?'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_0yy34VdI/AAAAAAAACRI/aGxicjMH7JU/s72-c/1234346785_1+la+soupe++man+.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-295431234724054452</id><published>2009-05-17T04:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-17T04:25:23.241-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AP'/><title type='text'>Al-Qaida threatens to kill UK hostage</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_0HEiXA8I/AAAAAAAACRA/FdI-Z3Saoq8/s1600-h/Algeria.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 136px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_0HEiXA8I/AAAAAAAACRA/FdI-Z3Saoq8/s200/Algeria.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336752485771445186" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;CAIRO, &lt;/span&gt;Al-Qaida in North Africa said Sunday it would kill a British hostage if London does not release an imprisoned radical preacher .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The group said in a statement posted on an Islamist Web site that it will execute a British tourist held by the group since late January if the extremist Muslim preacher Abu Qatada is not freed in 20 days.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abu Qatada, a Palestinian-Jordanian, was jailed in Britain in 2002 for links with militant groups but was released in 2005. He was re-arrested and is pending deportation to Jordan where he was sentenced to life in prison in absentia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Britain's lower courts said he couldn't be deported because of his fears he would likely be tortured but the Law Lords ruled there was no proof of a real risk to him.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Four tourists, including two Swiss, a German woman and a British man, were kidnapped by gunmen Jan. 22 in Niger, their tour operator said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Two of the tourists, a Swiss and German woman, were subsequently released on Wednesday along with a kidnapped Canadian diplomat and his assistant. The kidnappers said they were exchanged for four of their imprisoned fighters.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to the British man, another Swiss tourist remains with the kidnappers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Al-Qaida in Islamic North Africa, known by the French language acronym AQMI, is an Algeria-based group that joined Osama bin Laden's terrorist network in 2006 and conducts dozens of bombings or ambushes each month. It operates mainly in Algeria but is suspected of crossing the country's porous desert borders to spread violence in the rest of northwestern Africa.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-295431234724054452?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/295431234724054452/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=295431234724054452' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/295431234724054452'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/295431234724054452'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/05/al-qaida-threatens-to-kill-uk-hostage.html' title='Al-Qaida threatens to kill UK hostage'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_0HEiXA8I/AAAAAAAACRA/FdI-Z3Saoq8/s72-c/Algeria.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-5512662541504156871</id><published>2009-05-17T04:18:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-17T04:20:33.416-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Maghreb Politics Review'/><title type='text'>Countdown to the crackdown</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_y6NtPe3I/AAAAAAAACQ4/0VGJE3bhWEo/s1600-h/Algeria.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 136px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_y6NtPe3I/AAAAAAAACQ4/0VGJE3bhWEo/s200/Algeria.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336751165383080818" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After the recent hostage release by the southern/Saharan wing of al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), there has been much political and military movement in Algeria, Mali and the surrounding countries. According to numerous press rumors, a major joint operation in the border areas is about to go into action any day now.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The political arguments have centered around vague but barely concealed insinuations of state support for AQIM’s southern wing, although there’s precious little proof offered by anyone involved. Libya is the state most in the crosshairs, for allegedly funding or/and facilitating the payment of fat ransoms to AQIM, in a deal also involving the Malian state releasing AQIM members in return for someone’s thick wad of cash. Algeria is livid over this, and parts of the éradicateur press is so upset as to appear slightly deranged in its accusations against all and sundry for conspiring to undermine state security.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, in fact Algeria has good reason to be upset, if one disregards the hyperbole. The government quite rightly believes that ransom payments encourages new kidnappings, and that this — not to mention the prisoners releases — is what keeps the southern AQIM networks running. Algeria also worries, again rightly, that such money will filter up to AQIM’s northern strongholds in the Kabylie, from where the group continues to inflict damage on the Algerian state and military. However, European governments do not seem to give a damn about this, as long as they can bring back their citizens safe and sound; while the poorer local governments are fine with whatever they’re paid most to be fine with, since they don’t stand a chance of securing these areas alone anyway. So the kidnapping circus continues.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bouteflika has for some time, after offering amnesty upon amnesty, shown signs of exasperation with this whole AQIM business, and the Algerian army appears to be slowly reverting into extermination mode in its treatment of insurgent holdouts. Presently, then, the country is spearheding efforts to pull together a major pan-Saharan/Sahelian coalition to hit AQIM hard, either to cripple it militarily or to at least establish a steep deterrent cost for fucking with Algeria’s south. Among the other nations coming along for the ride, convinced by a mixture of stick and carrot from Algiers, are of course Mali, but also Niger and Mauritania, the two remaining neighbors to the area of concern. You can count on the US to cheer them on and supply whatever is available of satellite imagery and other expertise. However, it seems that Algeria is steering the bandwagon, quite in line with how it has been asserting itself as the maker-or-breaker of regional security in the last few years, and perhaps also for honestly feeling there’s nothing left to do but shoot its way out of this painful deadlock.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Militarily, things have been progressing quickly. A bunch of army units were just pulled down from the Algerian north towards the border, and high-level military coordination between the countries concerned is proceeding apace. For example, Niger’s chief-of-staff flew up to meet with the Algerian top brass (Gaid Saleh and Guenaizia), and Mali’s defense minister did the same some days ago. At the same time, Algiers has started airlifting military supplies to the Malian army in preparation for the expected assault, and minor manhunts are already running, with claims of an important kill just the other day.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How big this will be is impossible to tell: perhaps just a quick crackdown on the areas under suspicion, and brush-up of border security through reinforcements and coordination? But it seems like bigger things are in the making. In so far as the press can be trusted (a big if, admittedly), a large-scale sweep is more likely, although I guess the key to it all is not scale per se, but rather how long it will go on and what it will leave behind. In any case, one should remember that while the Touareg rebellion in Mali’s north just quieted down, the situation remains unstable and is liable to be affected in some way by any major military offensive. On the other hand, there’s no better time to go at it than now, when there’s no hot war complicating matters; and in fact, decisively settling the Touareg conflict may well be one of the unspoken motives for the push.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Also worth bearing in mind is that two European hostages remain in the hands of AQIM. It has demanded that Britain release Abu Qatada, a Jordanian-Palestinian preacher with longstanding ties to al-Qaida’s core leadership as well as to the Algerian Jihadi movements (he used to be sort of a chief Mufti for the GIA back in the day, and later encouraged the GSPC split which evolved into AQIM). That could turn into some nasty headlines.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-5512662541504156871?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/5512662541504156871/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=5512662541504156871' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5512662541504156871'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/5512662541504156871'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/05/countdown-to-crackdown.html' title='Countdown to the crackdown'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_y6NtPe3I/AAAAAAAACQ4/0VGJE3bhWEo/s72-c/Algeria.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-8259464768276440664</id><published>2009-05-17T04:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-17T04:17:46.537-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Maghreb Politics Review'/><title type='text'>Hostage update: anti-Qaida strike postponed</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_yU0xZQ5I/AAAAAAAACQw/iX-hFgArMIo/s1600-h/Algeria.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 136px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_yU0xZQ5I/AAAAAAAACQw/iX-hFgArMIo/s200/Algeria.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336750523034452882" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Algeria’s El Khabar reports that the Sahel countries* are “temporarily” postponing their offensive against al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) for two weeks. The reason is said to be that unnamed European countries have pressured Algiers to wait until they can get the remaining two AQIM hostages (from the UK &amp; Switzerland) released.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This supposed to happen “within weeks”, and hopefully no later than July, after negotiations with the AQIM group of Yahia Djouadi (Abu Ammar) have “made great progress without substantial concessions to the group holding them”. The negotiations are said to involve tribal mediators and “Salafists from Europe”. Worth recalling, then, that AQIM had demanded the release of Abu Qatada al-Filastini from British jails.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*) Algeria, Mali, Niger, Mauritania and Burkina Faso. Oh, and who’s missing?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-8259464768276440664?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/8259464768276440664/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=8259464768276440664' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8259464768276440664'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8259464768276440664'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/05/hostage-update-anti-qaida-strike.html' title='Hostage update: anti-Qaida strike postponed'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_yU0xZQ5I/AAAAAAAACQw/iX-hFgArMIo/s72-c/Algeria.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-8008550207708305161</id><published>2009-05-17T04:11:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-17T04:13:25.984-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Maghreb Politics Review'/><title type='text'>Morocco don’t worry, Palau stands behind you</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_xR71uwFI/AAAAAAAACQo/BTgMU26iPHE/s1600-h/palau.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 188px; height: 200px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_xR71uwFI/AAAAAAAACQo/BTgMU26iPHE/s200/palau.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336749373880451154" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Morocco has decided to open diplomatic relations on the level of ambassador with the Republic of Palau, a Micronesian island-state with a population of 21,000 souls.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Will this not be a strain on foreign ministry resources? Not at all, since Morocco recently severed ambassadorial ties with Venezuela and Iran, freeing up two experienced ambassadors for this important mission. Clearly, the men in Rabat are planning ahead.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Previous game-changing diplomatic moves in the region: the Sahrawi Republic establishes relations with Vanuatu.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3719478693130636921-8008550207708305161?l=saralivre.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/feeds/8008550207708305161/comments/default' title='Enviar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3719478693130636921&amp;postID=8008550207708305161' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8008550207708305161'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3719478693130636921/posts/default/8008550207708305161'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://saralivre.blogspot.com/2009/05/morocco-dont-worry-palau-stands-behind.html' title='Morocco don’t worry, Palau stands behind you'/><author><name>Blue Woman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16907121477067955841</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sdds6EyXIuI/AAAAAAAABe0/Bo9MLZKTcgs/S220/Wi-map.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_xR71uwFI/AAAAAAAACQo/BTgMU26iPHE/s72-c/palau.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3719478693130636921.post-2315444547701708977</id><published>2009-05-17T04:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-17T04:07:55.545-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='johnpilger.com'/><title type='text'>Distant voices, desperate lives</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_wAP5EmkI/AAAAAAAACQg/sodMeuVf32Q/s1600-h/1223746953859_0.7332970235007041.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 176px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QWPuwtq8To8/Sg_wAP5EmkI/AAAAAAAACQg/sodMeuVf32Q/s200/1223746953859_0.7332970235007041.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336747970513902146" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In his latest column for the New Statesman, John Pilger describes the catastrophe facing the Tamil people of Sri Lanka, whose distant voices have appealed to the world for almost as long as the Palestinians.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the early 1960s, it was the Irish of Derry who would phone late at night, speaking in a single breath, spilling out stories of discrimination and injustice. Who listened to their truth until the violence began? Bengalis from what was then East Pakistan did much the same. Their urgent whispers described terrible state crimes that the news ignored, and they implored us reporters to “let the world know”. Palestinians speaking above the din of crowded rooms in Bethlehem and Beirut asked no more. For me, the most tenacious distant voices have been the Tamils of Sri Lanka, to whom we ought to have listened a very long time ago.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is only now, as they take to the streets of western cities, and the persecution of their compatriots reaches a crescendo, that we listen, though not intently enough to understand and act. The Sri Lankan government has learned an old lesson from, I suspect, a modern master: Israel. In order to conduct a slaughter, you ensure the pornography is unseen, illicit at best. You ba
